The acoustic Lichtenberg figure (ALF) in an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 28 kHz at different power levels was observed using high-speed photography. The nonlinear response of the cavitation structure was analyzed by the entropy spectrum in the ALF images, which showed the modulation influence of the primary acoustic field, exhibiting the fluctuations of the bubble distribution with time. Typical Y-branches predict the paths by which surrounding bubbles are attracted and converge into the structure, the branches are curved due to bubble-bubble interactions, and the curvature increases as the bubbles are approaching the main chain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn ideal codrug design should be able to control drug release, offer selectivity during drug delivery, and break down into non-toxic fragments after biodegradation. Our design incorporates d-ribofuranose as the core, with carbamate and carbonate groups as linking joints, a phosphodiester moiety as an enzyme recognition site, and lenalidomide and paclitaxel as the constituent drugs. The codrug synthesis involves seven steps with a 33% overall yield.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistidine modifications of proteins are broadly based on chemical methods triggering N-substitution reactions such as aza-Michael addition at histidine's moderately nucleophilic imidazole side chain. While recent studies have demonstrated chemoselective, histidine-specific modifications by further exploiting imidazole's electrophilic reactivity to overcome interference from the more nucleophilic lysine and cysteine, achieving site-specific histidine modifications remains a major challenge due to the absence of spatial control over chemical processes. Herein, through X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structural studies, we describe the rational design of a nature-inspired, noncanonical amino-acid-incorporated, human ferritin-based metalloenzyme that is capable of introducing site-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) to histidine in peptides and proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Sonochem
December 2024
Developing innovative sonoreactors to enhance acoustic processing efficiency holds immense importance in the field of sonochemistry. Traditional immersed sonoreactors (TISs) mainly produce cavitation at the probe tip, with a relatively weak cavitation around the probe, resulting in posing challenges for high-efficiency cavitation treatment. Here we propose an acoustic black hole immersed sonoreactor (ABHIS) in longitudinal-flexural coupled vibration, enabling high-efficiency cavitation treatment by unleashing the cavitation potential of the probe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Educational attainment (EduA) is correlated with life outcomes, and EduA itself is influenced by both cognitive and non-cognitive factors. A recent study performed a 'genome-wide association study (GWAS) by subtraction,' subtracting genetic effects for cognitive performance from an educational attainment GWAS to create orthogonal 'cognitive' and 'non-cognitive' factors. These cognitive and non-cognitive factors showed associations with behavioral health outcomes in adults; however, whether these correlations are present during childhood is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring neuronal pruning, phagocytes engulf shed cellular debris to avoid inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. How phagocytic receptors recognize degenerating neurites had been unclear. Here, we identify two glucosyltransferases Alg8 and Alg10 of the N-glycosylation pathway required for dendrite fragmentation and clearance through genetic screen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonic scalpels (USs), as the preferred energy instruments, are facing a growing need to exhibit enhanced performance with the diversification of modern surgical challenges. Hence, we proposed an acoustic black hole ultrasonic scalpel (ABHUS) in longitudinal-bending coupled vibration for efficient surgical cutting. By incorporating an acoustic black hole profile, the local bending wave velocity is reduced and the amplitude is amplified cumulatively, thus creating a high-energy region near the blade tip to enhance the cutting performance of the ABHUS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphinan antagonists, which block opioid effects at mu-opioid receptors, have been studied for their analgesic potential. Previous studies have suggested that these antagonists elicit analgesia with fewer adverse effects in the presence of the mutant mu-opioid receptor (MOR; S196A). However, introducing a mutant receptor for medical applications represents significant challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in plant cellular processes, particularly in protein folding and signal transduction. N-glycosylation and phosphorylation are notably significant PTMs, playing essential roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stimuli. However, current sequential enrichment methods for simultaneous analysis of phosphoproteome and N-glycoproteome are labor-intensive and time-consuming, limiting their throughput.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNowadays, expanding the operating range and realizing multifrequency operation have emerged as focal and imperative objectives in the design of ultrasonic transducers. Due to the limitations of structure and radial sizes, conventional Langevin transducers encounter challenges in meeting the increasingly stringent requirements across diverse ultrasonic applications. Hence, this paper proposes a multidirectional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (MPUT) consisting of a large-dimension sandwich piezoelectric transducer (LSPT) and a metal tube in mutli-mode coupled vibration, capable of achieving wide-ranging and multifrequency acoustic radiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactions of '-(3-methylpyridyl)oxalamide (), ,'-(3-methylpyridyl)adipoamide () and ,'-(3-methylpyridyl)sebacoamide () with tricarboxylic acids and Cu(II) salts afforded {[Cu()(1,3,5-HBTC)]·HO} (1,3,5-HBTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), , {[Cu()(1,3,5-BTC)(HO)]·6.5HO}, , [Cu()(1,3,5-HBTB)] (1,3,5-HBTB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene), , [Cu()(OH)(1,3,5-BTC)], , {[Cu()(1,3,5-BTB)]·2.5MeOH·2HO}, , and {[Cu()(1,3,5-BTB) ]·DMF·2HO}, , which have been structurally characterized by using single crystal X-ray crystallography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cylindrical piezoelectric transducer has the advantages of large radiation area, high electromechanical coupled coefficient, and omni-direction radiation along the radius. In this paper, a piezoelectric transducer consisting of a radially polarized piezoelectric cylinder and an outer metal cylinder of varying height is presented. The metal cylinder of varying height is approximated as the radial superposition of multiple uniform height metal cylinders, and the equivalent impedance of the transducer's coupled vibration is obtained by using the impedance matrix method, and then the resonance frequency, anti-resonance frequency, effective electromechanical coupled coefficient, and displacement amplification coefficient are obtained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Both cognitive and non-cognitive (e.g., traits like curiosity) factors are critical for social and emotional functioning and independently predict educational attainment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
September 2023
As a critical component of ultrasonic vibration systems, piezoelectric transducers play an essential role in various practical application scenarios. Recent advances in spherical transducers have been widely used in underwater sound and structural health monitoring, while the cascaded spherical piezoelectric transducer with arbitrary piezoceramic shell thickness has not been investigated. Here, we propose a radially cascaded spherical piezoelectric transducer (RCSPT) and derive its electromechanical equivalent circuit with mechanical losses, dielectric losses, and load mechanical impedances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpherical piezoelectric transducers are a critical component of ultrasonic vibration systems with significant applications in various practical scenarios such as underwater acoustic detection and structural health monitoring. The existing spherical piezoelectric transducers have fixed electromechanical characteristics that limit their applications in scenarios with multi-frequency or frequency variation requirements. It would therefore be intriguing, from the viewpoints of both science and technology, to break through this limit by introducing external electric load impedance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant phosphoproteomics provides a global view of phosphorylation-mediated signaling in plants; however, it demands high-throughput methods with sensitive detection and accurate quantification. Despite the widespread use of protein precipitation for removing contaminants and improving sample purity, it limits the sensitivity and throughput of plant phosphoproteomic analysis. The multiple handling steps involved in protein precipitation lead to sample loss and process variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Sonochem
August 2023
We studied the layer structure of bubbles just below water/air and water/EPE (Expand aple poly ephylene) interfaces using high-speed photography. The layer structure was generated by floating spherical clusters, the source bubbles of which were identified to come from the attachment of bubble nuclei at the interface, the floating of bubbles in the bulk liquid, or bubbles generated on the surface of the ultrasonic transducer. The boundary shape affected the layer structure, which assumed a similar profile below the water/EPE interface.
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