MRI-based multiregional radiomics for desmoplastic reaction classification and prognosis stratification in stage II rectal cancer: A bicenter study.

Purpose: To develop an MRI-based multiregional radiomics model for the noninvasive desmoplastic reaction (DR) classification and prognosis stratification in stage II rectal cancer (RC) patients.

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively involved 336 patients with RC from two centers, with 239 from Center 1 divided into training (n = 191) and internal validation (n = 48) datasets at an 8:2 ratio, and 97 from Center 2 serving as external validation dataset. Radiomics features were extracted, and a multiregional radiomics DR (M-RDR) signature was established using multi-level feature selection procedure.

CDH3 Is an Effective Serum Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer Distant Metastasis Patients.

Few robust biomarkers are available for distant metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Aberrant high expression of CDH3 has been reported in advanced CRC patients, but the value of CDH3 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of distant metastatic CRC patients remains to be evaluated. In this study, we explored the serum levels of CDH3 in different stages of CRC patients and sought to determine whether serum CDH3 serves as an independent biomarker for distant metastatic CRC patients.

The Pathogenicity of Modulated by Dietary Fibers-A Possible Missing Link between the Dietary Composition and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

The dietary composition has been approved to be strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most serious malignancies worldwide, through regulating the gut microbiota structure, thereby influencing the homeostasis of colonic epithelial cells by producing carcinogens, i.e., ammonia or antitumor metabolites, like butyrate.

Efficiency of CT radiomics model in assessing the microsatellite instability of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficiency of a radiomics model in identifying high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and microsatellite stability (MSS) of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) according to machine learning radiomics features of enhanced CT liver images.

Materials And Methods: A total of 12 patients with MSI-H CRLM and 96 patients with MSS CRLM were randomly divided into the training group and internal validation group according to the ratio of 7: 3 (training: 75 cases, validation: 33 cases). From the enhanced CT (portal phase) image data of patients, 788 radiomics features were extracted, and a random forest model was established with the optimal features selected.

Prediction of histologic types in solid lung lesions using preoperative contrast-enhanced CT.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a predicting model for the histologic classification of solid lung lesions based on preoperative contrast-enhanced CT.

Methods: A primary dataset of 1012 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TMUCIH) was randomly divided into a development cohort (708) and an internal validation cohort (304). Patients from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (SHSMU) were set as an external validation cohort (212).

Prognostic value of desmoplastic stromal reaction, tumor budding and tumor-stroma ratio in stage II colorectal cancer.

Background: Existing high-risk factors are insufficient to accurately predict the postoperative recurrence risk of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). The discovery of additional prognostic markers may be the key to improving the current status of stage II CRC treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship among desmoplastic reaction (DR), tumor budding (TBd), the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) and their prognostic value for relapse-free survival (RFS).

Mining of the Novel Virulent ATP-Binding Cassette Importers in by Comparative Genomic Strategy.

The virulent ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers from , the most common native multidrug resistant and emerging opportunistic pathogen in rapidly growing NTM, were explored by comparative genomic study, in view of the fact that the ABC importers of , responsible for uptaking metals, anions, amino acids, peptides, sugars, and other crucial substances from the host, had been proved to be closely related with the bacillus's virulence, survival in the host macrophages, antibiotic resistance, modulation of host immune system, and so on, although detailed mechanism was unclear. For virulent ABC importers from predicted by orthology and phylogeny analysis of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of , , and , the antibiotic susceptibility of overexpression transformant and knockout mutant was assayed after confirmation by experiment. Three-domain importers were dominant ones in (60.

AI-Radiomics Can Improve Inclusion Criteria and Clinical Trial Performance.

Success of clinical trials increasingly relies on effective selection of the target patient populations. We hypothesize that computational analysis of pre-accrual imaging data can be used for patient enrichment to better identify patients who can potentially benefit from investigational agents. This was tested retrospectively in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients accrued into a randomized clinical trial (SARC021) that evaluated the efficacy of evofosfamide (Evo), a hypoxia activated prodrug, in combination with doxorubicin (Dox).

Performance of a deep learning-based lung nodule detection system as an alternative reader in a Chinese lung cancer screening program.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (DL-CAD) system in a Chinese low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening program.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred-and-eighty individuals with a lung nodule on their baseline LDCT lung cancer screening scan were randomly mixed with screenees without nodules in a 1:1 ratio (total: 360 individuals). All scans were assessed by double reading and subsequently processed by an academic DL-CAD system.

Community-based lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography in China: First round results and a meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer in China by analyzing the baseline results of a community-based screening study accompanied with a meta-analysis.

Methods: A first round of community-based lung cancer screening with LDCT was conducted in Tianjin, China, and a systematic literature search was performed to identify LDCT screening and registry-based clinical studies for lung cancer in China. Baseline results in the community-based screening study were described by participant risk level and the lung cancer detection rate was compared with the pooled rate among the screening studies.

A contrast-enhanced-CT-based classification tree model for classifying malignancy of solid lung tumors in a Chinese clinical population.

Background: To develop and validate a contrast-enhanced CT based classification tree model for classifying solid lung tumors in clinical patients into malignant or benign.

Methods: Between January 2015 and October 2017, 827 pathologically confirmed solid lung tumors (487 malignant, 340 benign; median size, 27.0 mm, IQR 18.

CT-Based Radiomics Signature: A Potential Biomarker for Predicting Postoperative Recurrence Risk in Stage II Colorectal Cancer.

To evaluate whether a radiomics signature could improve stratification of postoperative risk and prediction of chemotherapy benefit in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This retrospective study enrolled 299 stage II CRC patients from January 2010 to December 2015. Based on preoperative portal venous-phase CT scans, radiomics features were generated and selected to build a radiomics score (Rad-score) using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method.

Repeatability of Quantitative Imaging Features in Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has emerged as a non-invasive modality to diagnose and monitor prostate cancer. Quantitative metrics on the regions of abnormality have shown to be useful descriptors to discriminate clinically significant cancers. In this study, we evaluate the reproducibility of quantitative imaging features using repeated mpMRI on the same patients.

Optimization of CT windowing for diagnosing invasiveness of adenocarcinoma presenting as sub-solid nodules.

Purpose: To evaluate the optimal window setting to diagnose the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma in sub-solid nodules (SSNs).

Methods: We retrospectively included 437 SSNs and randomly divided them 3:1 into a training group (327) and a testing group (110). The presence of a solid component was regarded as indicator of invasiveness.

A Subsolid Nodules Imaging Reporting System (SSN-IRS) for Classifying 3 Subtypes of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: To develop an imaging reporting system for the classification of 3 adenocarcinoma subtypes of computed tomography (CT)-detected subsolid pulmonary nodules (SSNs) in clinical patients.

Methods: Between November 2011 and October 2017, 437 pathologically confirmed SSNs were retrospectively identified. SSNs were randomly divided 2:1 into a training group (291 cases) and a testing group (146 cases).

Comparison of Veterans Affairs, Mayo, Brock classification models and radiologist diagnosis for classifying the malignancy of pulmonary nodules in Chinese clinical population.

Background: Several classification models based on Western population have been developed to help clinicians to classify the malignancy probability of pulmonary nodules. However, the diagnostic performance of these Western models in Chinese population is unknown. This paper aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of radiologist evaluation of malignancy probability and three classification models (Mayo Clinic, Veterans Affairs, and Brock University) in Chinese clinical pulmonology patients.

Computed Tomography-Based Radiomic Features Could Potentially Predict Microsatellite Instability Status in Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate whether quantitative radiomics features extracted from computed tomography (CT) can predict microsatellite instability (MSI) status in an Asian cohort of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and the informed consent requirement was waived. From March 2016 to March 2018, 119 Chinese patients with pathologically confirmed stage Ⅱ CRC, available MSI status, and preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images were included in this study.

Correlations between the iodine concentrations from dual energy computed tomography and molecular markers Ki-67 and HIF-1α in rectal cancer: A preliminary study.

Purpose: To investigate whether dual energy computed tomography (CT) with iodine quantification is correlated with molecular markers Ki-67and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)in rectal cancer (RC).

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients (43 males and 37 females) diagnosed with rectal cancer got pelvic contrast-enhanced CT scan with dual energy computed tomography before any anticancer treatment. Analyse the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) values and CT values at each energy level (40-140 keV) from the virtual monochromatic image of the primary lesions.