Rhizosphere-Associated Microbiomes of Rice ( L.) Under the Effect of Increased Nitrogen Fertilization.

Crops assemble and rely on rhizosphere-associated microbiomes for plant nutrition, which is crucial to their productivity. Historically, excessive nitrogen fertilization did not result in continuously increasing yields but rather caused environmental issues. A comprehensive understanding should be developed regarding the ways in which crops shape rhizosphere-associated microbiomes under conditions of increased nitrogen fertilization.

[Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice].

Rational application of organic fertilizers is an effective approach to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and zero growth of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production. The rice variety 'Shennong9816' was planted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, under seven different treatments: zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), low nitrogen, 150 kg·hm(LN), medium nitrogen, 240 kg·hm (MN), high nitrogen, 330 kg·hm(HN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 10% organic manure (OMN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure (OMN), and medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 30% organic manure (OMN). The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield were examined and the optimal fertilization scheme was determined.

Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1).

The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used.

[Catalytic dechlorination of 2, 2', 3, 4, 4', 5, 5'- heptachlorobiphenyl in soil by Pd/Fe].

Dechlorination of 2, 2', 3, 4, 4', 5, 5'- heptachlorobiphenyl in soil was studied by using Pd/Fe bimetallic catalytic reduction. 2, 2', 3, 4, 4', 5, 5'- heptachlorobiphenyl can be dechlorinated effectively by Pd/Fe bimetal. It was found that the removal efficiency of 2, 2', 3, 4, 4', 5, 5'- heptachlorobiphenyl in soil could reach 54% after 5 days of reaction with 1 g of Pd/Fe (Pd loading 0.

Catalytic dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil by palladium-iron bimetallic catalyst.

Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized by chemical deposition and used to dechlorinate 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl in soil. Batch experiments demonstrated that the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles could effectively dechlorinate 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as reaction time, Pd loading, the amount of Pd/Fe used, initial soil pH, and 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl concentration.

Effects of dissolved low molecular weight organic acids on oxidation of ferrous iron by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

A few researchers have reported on work concerning bioleaching of heavy-metal-contaminated soil using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, since this acidophile is sensitive to dissolved low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids. Iron oxidation by A. ferrooxidans R2 as well as growth on ferrous iron was inhibited by a variety of dissolved LMW organic acids.

Promotion of pyrene degradation in rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation of pyrene-contaminated soil using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa biomasses, microbial viable counts, dehydrogenase activity, residual pyrene concentration and pyrene removal percentage were determined after 60 days of alfalfa growth.

[Study on phytoremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)].

Pot experiment was used to investigate phytoremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Results indicated that phenanthrene had inhibitive effect on alfalfa growth, and higher phenanthrene concentration seriously prevent alfalfa growth.

Spatial distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils from typical oil-sewage irrigation area, Northeast China.

Spatial distribution and sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 EPA-PAHs) in soils were studied in Shenfu Irrigation Area (SIA) located at northeast of China. SIA (1.3 x 10(4) ha) was an important agricultural farmland irrigated with oil-sewage since the 1960s.