Histone deacetylase HDAC3 regulates ergosterol production for oxidative stress tolerance in the entomopathogenic and endophytic fungus .

Oxidative stress is encountered by fungi in almost all niches, resulting in fungal degeneration or even death. Fungal tolerance to oxidative stress has been extensively studied, but the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating oxidative stress tolerance in fungi remains limited. The entomopathogenic and endophytic fungus encounters oxidative stress when it infects insects and develops a symbiotic relationship with plants, and we found that host reactive oxygen species (ROSs) greatly limited fungal growth in both insects and plants.

Utilization of plant-derived sugars and lipids are coupled during colonization of rhizoplane and rhizosphere by the fungus Metarhizium robertsii.

Plant-derived sugars and lipids are key nutritional sources for plant associated fungi. However, the relationship between utilization of host-derived sugars and lipids during development of the symbiotic association remains unknown. Here we show that the fungus Metarhizium robertsii also needs plant-derived lipids to develop symbiotic relationship with plants.

Metarhizium robertsii as a promising microbial agent for rice in situ cadmium reduction and plant growth promotion.

The toxic chemical element cadmium (Cd) in paddy fields triggered increasing problems of growth inhibition and food security in rice consistently. In this study, we found Metarhizium robertsii, which is widely used as a bioinsecticide and biofertilizer in agriculture and recently found to be resistant to Cd, developed intraradical and extraradical symbiotic hyphae in rice seedlings, and successfully colonized in the rice rhizosphere soil to more than 10 CFUs g soil at harvesting. M.

An inactivating mutation in the vacuolar arginine exporter gene Vae results in culture degeneration in the fungus Metarhizium robertsii.

Culture degeneration usually results in great commercial losses in the economically important filamentous fungi, but the genetic causes of the degeneration remain elusive. In the fungus Metarhizium robertsii, we found that deletion of the vacuolar arginine exporter gene Vae caused culture degeneration. Compared to the WT strain, the mutant showed increased apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, reduced conidial yield and abnormal lipid droplet formation.

Chitosan nanoparticles embedded with curcumin and its application in pork antioxidant edible coating.

Curcumin (Cur) exhibits low water solubility and insufficient dispersibility in food systems, and cannot exert its excellent antioxidant properties. In this work, Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking method using chitosan as carrier and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinking agent, then Cur was loaded to obtain curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs). CNPs presented a spherical morphology with average size of 278.

Effect of nisin and potassium sorbate additions on lipids and nutritional quality of Tan sheep meat.

Nisin and potassium sorbate as preservatives are used in a broad range of meat. A lipidomic evaluation was performed on Tan sheep meat treated by two types of preservatives. The addition of potassium sorbate resulted in higher lipid losses compared with nisin treatment.

UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based quantitative lipidomics reveals the chemical changes of phospholipids during thermal processing methods of Tan sheep meat.

Thermal processing affects the lipid compositions of meat products. The study determined the effects of boiled, steamed and roasted processing methods on the lipidomics profiles of Tan sheep meat with a validated UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS combined lipid screening strategy method. Combined with sphingolipid metabolism, the boiled approach was the suitable choice for atherosclerosis patients for more losses of sphingomyelin than ceramide in meat.

Molecular mechanism of lipid transformation in cold chain storage of Tan sheep.

Cold chain (-20 °C) is one of the main transportation methods for storage of Tan sheep products. Lipids (66) in seven subclasses involved in sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid and fatty acid degradation metabolism were quantified in Tan sheep under cold chain storage, including fatty acyl carnitines, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, sphingomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). Lipid transformation and molecular mechanism analyzed using fragmentation mechanisms and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS combined with lipidomics approaches determined transient increases of certain PC, PE and fatty acyl carnitine during the first 12 days of cold storage, subsequent declines of SM, PC, PE and fatty acyl carnitine, as well as increases of ceramide, LPC and LPE (24 days).

Adsorption capacity and cold-water solubility of honeycomb-like potato starch granule.

Honeycomb-like granules, with 2-4 μm pores on the surface, were prepared by heating potato starch suspensions in water at the pasting temperature. These granules with a yield of 84% were most amorphous (relative crystallinity 1.9%).

Effects of separation and purification on structural characteristics of polysaccharide from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd).

The effects of separation and purification on structural characteristics of polysaccharide from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was investigated. Using quinoa as raw material, the quinoa polysaccharide (QP) was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted method and isolated and purified to obtain three sub-fractions (QPI, QPI-I, QPI-I-I) by resin adsorption, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, respectively. After separation and purification, the polysaccharide content of quinoa polysaccharide increased from 83.

Morphological changes of blocklets during the gelatinization process of tapioca starch.

After combined hydrolysis by α-amylase and β-amylase at room temperature, spherical blocklets in diameters of 27-60nm were observed on the surface of tapioca starch granules by scanning electron micrography (SEM). Tapioca starch (1%, w/w, db, distilled water) was heated by using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA) in four different programs, then the samples were settled and freeze dried, respectively. The SEM images showed that the blocklets swelled at 52°C; the swollen blocklets deformed to olive shape, and linked by molecular chains, formed bead-like structure at 62°C; they started to merge at 72°C (pasting temperature); then the blocklets fused together and their shapes disappeared completely, and the gel network formed at 95°C.

Outer shell, inner blocklets, and granule architecture of potato starch.

Potato starch was heated in distilled water and acetic acid solution (pH = 1.5), respectively, then washed with anhydrous ethanol and dried. After cooked in water with certain program, high-resolution scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of broken granules showed isolated outer shells.

Comparison of waxy and normal potato starch remaining granules after chemical surface gelatinization: pasting behavior and surface morphology.

To understand the contribution of granule inner portion to the pasting property of starch, waxy potato starch and two normal potato starches and their acetylated starch samples were subjected to chemical surface gelatinization by 3.8 mol/L CaCl2 to obtain remaining granules. Native and acetylated, original and remaining granules of waxy potato starch had similar rapid visco analyzer (RVA) pasting profiles, while those of two normal potato starches behaved obviously different from each other.