Anaerobic degradation of excess protein-rich fish feed drives CH ebullition in a freshwater aquaculture pond.

Aquaculture is a climate-relevant source of greenhouse gases like methane. Methane emissions depend on various parameters, with organic matter playing a crucial role. Nevertheless, little is known about the composition of organic matter in aquaculture.

Detection and Exclusion of False-Positive Molecular Formula Assignments via Mass Error Distributions in UHR Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter.

Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) routinely detects and identifies thousands of mass peaks in complex mixtures, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and petroleum. The assignment of several chemically plausible molecular formulas (MFs) for a single accurate mass still poses a major problem for the reliable interpretation of NOM composition in a biogeochemical context. Applying sensible chemical rules for MF validation is often insufficient to eliminate multiple assignments (MultiAs)─especially for mass peaks with low abundance or if ample heteroatoms or isotopes are included - and requires manual inspection or expert judgment.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B exposed to pregnant rats inhibits the hedgehog signaling pathway in thymic T lymphocytes of the offspring.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is involved in T cell differentiation and development and plays a major regulatory part in different stages of T cell development. A previous study by us suggested that prenatal exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) changed the percentages of T cell subpopulation in the offspring thymus. However, it is unclear whether prenatal SEB exposure impacts the Hh signaling pathway in thymic T cells.

Prenatal Exposure of Rats to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Alters the Expression of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines via Decreased Methylation in the Spleen of Adult but not Neonatal Offspring.

Background: The methylation of IFN-γ and IL-4 genes is regarded as an epigenetic regulation that maintains the Th1 or Th2 phenotype.

Objective: To explore the influence of prenatal administration of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in pregnant rats, on the IFN-γ or IL-4 expression in the offspring spleen.

Methods: The SEB or PBS was administered intravenously to pregnant rats on the embryo-day 16.

Generation of atomic hydrogen by Ni-Fe hydroxides: Mechanism and activity for hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene.

Atomic hydrogen (H•) is highly reactive for the hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE). In this work, we found that the coprecipitation of Ni and Fe at neutral pH led to an unprecedented catalytic generation of H•. The generated H• effectively dechlorinate TCE to nontoxic ethylene and ethane, and Fe is the only electron donor.

Molecular insight into the variation of dissolved organic phosphorus in a wastewater treatment plant.

To date, eutrophication becomes a great concern of vulnerable aquatic systems. Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) discharged from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds a large source of phosphorus in receiving water. However, due to the complexity of DOP, their variation and fate in WWTP remain unknown at the molecular level, and are always overlooked.

Exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B increases offspring splenic Treg number and function via decreasing FoxP3 methylation.

Staphylococcus aureus is an infectious pathogen that is relatively common, but that can cause severe disease in pregnant women and their fetus. We previously demonstrated that exposing pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) altered splenic CD4/CD8 T cell frequencies in their offspring. Whether prenatal SEB exposure impacts Tregs in these offspring, however, remains to be determined.

Effects of phenol on extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities from aerobic granular sludge treating low strength and salinity wastewater.

The effects of phenol on aerobic granular sludge including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community were investigated for low strength and salinity wastewater treatment. Elevated phenol over 20 mg/L stimulated biological phosphorus removal mainly via co-metabolism with nearly complete phenol degradation, whereas resulted in significant accumulation of nitrate around 4 mg/L. Aerobic granules kept structural stability via enhancing production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially folds of polysaccharides (PS) and varying functional groups identified through EEM, FTIR and XPS spectral characterizations at increasing phenol loads.

Interaction and removal of oxytetracycline with aerobic granular sludge.

Aerobic granular sludge as a promising technology showed great resistance to adverse conditions. However, the interaction between oxytetracycline (OTC) and granular sludge was not studied sufficiently. This study therefore investigated OTC-tolerance ability of incomplete and complete granulation sludge from aspects of simultaneous nutrients removal, sludge characteristics, microbial activity, community changes, and vice versa OTC removal performance.

Exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B attenuates the response of increased Tregs to re-exposure to SEB in the thymus of adult offspring.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role during homeostasis and tolerance of the immune system. Based on our previous study that exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) can alter the percentage of CD4/CD8 subsets in the thymus of the offspring, in this study, we focus on the influence of exposure of pregnant rats to SEB on number, function and response of Tregs in the thymus of the offspring. Pregnant rats at gestational day of 16 were intravenously injected with 15 μg SEB and the thymuses of the neonatal and adult offspring were harvested for this study.

Prenatal exposure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B attenuates the development and function of blood regulatory T cells to repeated staphylococcal enterotoxin B exposure in adult offspring rats.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an extensively studied super-antigen. A previous study by us suggested that SEB exposure during pregnancy could alter the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of neonatal offspring rats. It is unknown whether SEB exposure during pregnancy can influence the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of neonatal offspring rats.

Elevated salinity deteriorated enhanced biological phosphorus removal in an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal.

Hypersaline wastewater may pose threats to biological wastewater treatment processes. An aerobic granular sludge-based sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) was evaluated with increased salinity from 1 to 2 % (w/v). Nitrogen removal performance was unaffected by salinity up to 20 g/L in terms of reliable and efficient nitrification and denitrification.

Research on the aerobic granular sludge under alkalinity in sequencing batch reactors: Removal efficiency, metagenomic and key microbes.

Effects of additional alkalinity on the performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) were evaluated. Results showed that COD and ammonia-N (NH-N) were slightly stimulated and remained high and stable with the increase of alkalinity up to 750 mg/L, while denitrification was boosted and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency increased from 60.46% to 98.

Robustness of an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor for low strength and salinity wastewater treatment at ambient to winter temperatures.

Acclimation performances and characteristics of aerobic granular sludge to salt and temperature were investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR). The aerobic granular SNDPR system was firstly subjected to low salinity (0.5%, w/v) at moderate temperature (> 15 ℃) and subsequent low temperature (< 15 ℃).

A comprehensive comparison between non-bulking and bulking aerobic granular sludge in microbial communities.

Filamentous sludge bulking poses great threats to operational stability of aerobic granular sludge. Exploration of the microbial community aids knowledge of the causative factors to sludge bulking and guides directions for corresponding actions for prevention and controlling. Detailed changes of bacterial community within the non-bulking and bulking were performed and compared with a non-specific method through 1‰ (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (HO) addition.

Enhanced simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal through mixed carbon source by aerobic granular sludge.

Aerobic granular sludge-based simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) systems were configured for the treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater. Granular characteristics, process performance, and the corresponding microbial ecology dynamics were comprehensively explored with sodium acetate and succinate as mixed carbon source. Results revealed that aerobic granules kept structural and functional resilience, while mixed carbon source largely altered and balanced the growth and competition of phosphorus/glycogen accumulating organisms (PAOs/GAOs).

Mitigated membrane fouling and enhanced removal of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater effluent via an integrated pre-coagulation and microfiltration process.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as an emerging pollutant in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents due to their potential risk to human health and ecological safety when reused for landscape and irrigation. Conventional wastewater treatment processes generally fail to effectively reduce ARGs, especially extracellular ARGs (eARGs), which are persistent in the environment and play an important role in horizontal gene transfer via transformation. Herein, an integrated process of pre-coagulation and microfiltration was developed for removal of ARGs, especially eARGs, from wastewater effluent.

[Effect of cordycepin on apoptosis and autophagy of tongue cancer cells in vitro and the molecular mechanism].

Objective: To study the effect of cordycepin on cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy of human tongue cancer TCA-8113 cells and explore the mechanism of cordycepin for inhibiting the occurrence of tongue cancer.

Methods: CCK-8 method was used to assess the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on TCA-8113 cell proliferation in vitro. The cell cycle and cell apoptosis of TCA-8113 cells treated with different concentrations of cordycepin were analyzed using flow cytometry.

Chronic responses of aerobic granules to zinc oxide nanoparticles in a sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal.

The reactor performance, granules characteristics and microbial population dynamics were investigated to assess the chronic responses of aerobic granules to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) of 0, 5, 10 and 20mg/L for a period of 180days. The results showed that ZnO NPs stimulated COD removal, whereas caused inhibition to both nitrification and denitrification. However, biological phosphorus removal remained effective and stable.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B administration in pregnant rats alters the splenic lymphocyte response in adult offspring rats.

Background: Our previous study suggested that SEB exposure in pregnant rats could lead to the change of T cells subpopulation in both peripheral blood and thymus of the offspring rats. However, rarely is known about the influence of SEB exposure in pregnant rats on T cell subpopulation in the spleens of offspring rats.

Results: SEB was intravenously administered to the pregnant rats at gestational day 16 in this study.