A case report of parotid gland epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Unlabelled: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare low-grade malignant vascular tumor. It mainly occurs in the liver, lungs, bones, and other parts of the body. Reports of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the parotid gland are rare in both domestic and international literature.

Malignant proliferative ependymoma of the neck with lymph node metastasis: A case report.

Background: Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT) is an infrequent malignant neoplasm originating from cutaneous appendages, with only a handful of documented cases. This report delineates a unique instance of MPTT situated in the neck, accompanied by lymph node metastasis. A comprehensive exposition of its clinical trajectory and imaging manifestation is presented, aiming to enhance comprehension and management of this atypical ailment.

Transient expression of antinuclear RNP-A antibodies in patients with acute COVID-19 infection.

Introduction: Viral infections have been implicated in the initiation of the autoimmune diseases. Recent reports suggest that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with multiple organ injuries. We evaluated the relationship between COVID-19 severity, prevalence and persistence of antinuclear and other systemic and organ specific autoantibodies as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection specific anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibodies and protective neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels.

Evaluation of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Infection and Vaccination Using a Multiplexed Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has mutated and evolved since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic bringing into question the future effectiveness of current vaccines and antibody therapeutics. With evolution of the virus updated methods for the evaluation of the immune response in infected and vaccinated individuals are required to determine the durability of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: We developed a multiplexed surrogate virus neutralization test (plex-sVNT) that simultaneously measures the ability of antibodies in serum to inhibit binding between angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and 7 SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein variants, including wild type, B.

An Industry Perspective on Compatibility Assessment of Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices for Biologics.

The Formulation Workstream of the BioPhorum Development Group (BPDG), an industry-wide consortium, has identified the increased use of closed system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) with biologics, without an associated compatibility assessment, to be of significant concern. The use of CSTDs has increased significantly in recent years due to the recommendations by NIOSH and USP that they be used during preparation and administration of hazardous drugs. While CSTDs are valuable in the healthcare setting to reduce occupational exposure to hazardous compounds, these devices may present particular risks that must be adequately assessed prior to use to ensure their compatibility with specific types of drug products, such as biologic drugs, which may be sensitive.

A Fully Automated Multiplex Assay for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease with High Specificity and Improved Early Sensitivity.

Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the complex. Bio-Rad Laboratories has developed a fully automated multiplex bead-based assay for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to The BioPlex 2200 Lyme Total assay exhibits an improved rate of seropositivity in patients with early Lyme infection. Asymptomatic subjects from endemic and nonendemic origins demonstrated a seroreactivity rate of approximately 4% that was similar to other commercial assays evaluated in this study.

The Use of Poly-L-Lysine as a Capture Agent to Enhance the Detection of Antinuclear Antibodies by ELISA.

Antibodies to nuclear antigens (antinuclear antibodies or ANAs) are the serological hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies bind diverse nuclear antigens that include DNA, histones and non-histone proteins as well as complexes of proteins with DNA and RNA. Because of the frequency of ANA expression in SLE, testing is an important component of clinical evaluation as well as determination of eligibility for clinical trials or utilization of certain therapies.

Site-Specific Hydrolysis Reaction C-Terminal of Methionine in Met-His during Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of IgG-1.

The metal-catalyzed oxidation by [Fe(II)(EDTA)](2-)/H2O2 of IgG-1 leads to the site-specific hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the Fc region. The major hydrolytic cleavage occurs between Met428 and His429, consistent with a mechanism reported for the site-specific hydrolysis of parathyroid hormone (1-34) between Met8 and His9 (Mozziconacci, O.; et al.

Calculating the mass of subvisible protein particles with improved accuracy using microflow imaging data.

Although formation of subvisible particles (1-100 μm) during manufacturing and/or storage is a major stability concern with protein therapeutics, particle numbers are often too low to permit for direct experimental measurement of their protein content (mass). The objective of this work was to develop a novel, accurate, and easy-to-implement method to calculate the mass of subvisible protein particles using particle number, size, and morphology data obtained from microflow imaging (MFI) measurements. The method was evaluated using (1) spherical and nonspherical polystyrene standards and (2) shake and stir-stressed IgG1 mAb solutions.

Metal ion leachates and the physico-chemical stability of biotherapeutic drug products.

Metal ions that leach into biotherapeutic drug product solution during manufacturing and storage, result in contamination that can cause physico-chemical degradation of the active molecule. In this review, we describe various mechanisms by which metal ion leachates can interact with therapeutic proteins and antibodies. Site-specific modifications due to metal catalyzed oxidation (MCO) of the therapeutic proteins cause them to become destabilized and potentially increasingly aggregation prone.

Fluorogenic tagging methodology applied to characterize oxidized tyrosine and phenylalanine in an immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody.

Purpose: Metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) of proteins is of primary concern in the development of biotherapeutics as it represents a prominent degradation pathway with potential undesired biological and biotherapeutic consequences.

Methods: We developed a fluorogenic derivatization methodology to study the MCO of IgG1 using a model oxidation system, CuCl2/L-ascorbic acid.

Results: Besides the oxidation of Met, Trp and His residues, we detected significant oxidation of Phe and Tyr in IgG1.

The photolysis of disulfide bonds in IgG1 and IgG2 leads to selective intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions of cysteine Thiyl radicals, probed by covalent H/D exchange and RPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Purpose: The evaluation of photo-instability of biotherapeutic products is mandated by regulatory agencies. Photo-irradiation can induce oxidative modifications in proteins, which may lead to undesired biological and therapeutic consequences. Among the modifications, epimerization of amino acid residues can occur upon photo-irradiation of IgGs.

Biotherapeutic formulation factors affecting metal leachables from stainless steel studied by design of experiments.

Trace amounts of metals are inevitably present in biotherapeutic products. They can arise from various sources. The impact of common formulation factors such as protein concentration, antioxidant, metal chelator concentration and type, surfactant, pH, and contact time with stainless steel on metal leachables was investigated by a design of experiments approach.

Biologics formulation factors affecting metal leachables from stainless steel.

An area of increasing concern and scientific scrutiny is the potential contamination of drug products by leachables entering the product during manufacturing and storage. These contaminants may either have a direct safety impact on the patients or act indirectly through the alteration of the physicochemical properties of the product. In the case of biotherapeutics, trace amounts of metal contaminants can arise from various sources, but mainly from contact with stainless steel (ss).

Dependency of γ-secretase complex activity on the structural integrity of the bilayer.

γ-secretase is a membrane protein complex associated with the production of Aβ peptides that are pathogenic in Alzheimer's disease. We have characterized the activity of γ-secretase complexes under a variety of detergent solubilization and reconstitution conditions, and the structural state of proteoliposomes by electron microscopy. We found that γ-secretase activity is highly dependent on the physical state or integrity of the membrane bilayer--partial solubilization may increase activity while complete solubilization will abolish it.

Comparative evaluation of disodium edetate and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid as iron chelators to prevent metal-catalyzed destabilization of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody.

Understanding the effect of metal chelators with respect to their ability to inhibit metal-catalyzed degradation in biologic products is a critical component for solution formulation development. Two metal chelators, disodium edetate (Na(2)EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), were evaluated for their ability to stabilize IgG2 mAb in solution formulations spiked with various levels of iron. Real-time stability attributes such as oxidation, soluble aggregate formation, deamidation, and fragmentation demonstrated that DTPA was equivalent to Na(2)EDTA with respect to inhibiting iron-induced degradation over the range of iron concentrations studied.

Veterinary and radiological evaluations of open and closed treatment of type B diacapitular (intracapsular) fractures of the mandibular condyle in sheep.

The incidence of diacapitular (intracapsular) fractures of the mandibular condyle has increased in recent years, but their treatment remains inadequate, particularly of type B fractures. To evaluate and compare outcomes of open and closed treatments we created a sheep model of a type B fracture through an osteotomy. Eight sheep were randomly divided into two groups of four each to be given closed treatment or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and were evaluated by veterinary and radiological examinations.

Morphological evaluation of temporomandibular joint after open and closed treatment of type B diacapsular condylar fractures in sheep.

The incidence of diacapsular fracture of the mandibular condyle (DFMC) has increased in recent years. However, the specific modality of treatment which would provide maximum benefit and good results for adult patients of DFMC has been controversial. To evaluate and compare morphological changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after open and closed treatments for DFMC, a sheep model of a type B DFMC was created by osteotomy.

An ultrastructural study on indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to mandible in dogs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of indirect injury of dental pulp caused by high-speed missile projectile to mandible in dogs. Eighteen dogs aged 12-13 months were divided equally into six groups (n = 3 in each group) with random allocation, then a high-speed missile projectile (a ball bearing of stainless steel, phi6.0 mm, 0.

The design and implementation of chinese maxillofacial trauma registry, analysis and injury severity score system.

Background: : The aim of this study was to develop a tool which can be used to do a collaborative and prospective survey on the epidemiologic characteristics, treatment and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in China and to ameliorate the existing score and treatment methods of maxillofacial trauma.

Methods: : Chinese Maxillofacial Trauma Registry, Analysis and Injury Severity Score System were developed. Functional modules of this system include clinical data, user management, data inspection, data retrieval, statistic analysis, follow-up survey, injury severity score, system maintenance.

T-cadherin enhances cell-matrix adhesiveness by regulating beta1 integrin trafficking in cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells.

T-cadherin is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cadherin molecule. We previously reported that T-cadherin is normally expressed on the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and is down-regulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found that expression of T-cadherin in cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells regulated level of surface beta1 integrin, which functioned as extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor.

Cartilage regeneration using a novel gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronan hybrid scaffold containing bFGF-impregnated microspheres.

Cartilage engineered from chondrocytes requires a scaffold to keep the cells in the cartilage defect and to act as a support for inducing hyaline cartilage formation on occasion. In this study, we developed a novel three-dimensional special scaffold in combination with a controlled release of bFGF, which provided structural support and stimulated repair. Gelatin microspheres loaded with bFGF (GM-bFGF) showed a fast release at the initial phase (28.

Regulation of gamma-secretase activity in Alzheimer's disease.

The gamma-secretase complex is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that cleaves its substrates along their transmembrane regions. Sequential proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by beta- and gamma-secretase produces amyloid beta-peptides, which are the major components of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. The gamma-secretase complex is therefore believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Locally applied nerve growth factor enhances bone consolidation in a rabbit model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis is widely used in treating deformities, defects, and fractures of both long bones and craniofacial bones. Demands for acceleration of bone consolidation are increased in distraction osteogenesis. Nerve growth factor (NGF) can enhance innervation and bone regeneration in a fracture model and stimulate differentiation of osteoblastic cells.