GSG2 promotes progression of human endometrial cancer by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 expression via PI3K-AKT pathway.

Cell cycle dysregulation leading to uncontrolled growth is a primary characteristic of malignancy. GSG2, a mitosis-related kinase, affects the normal cell cycle by interfering with the normal dissociation of centromere cohesion, and its overexpression has been shown to play an important role in cancer cells. Here, we investigated the function of GSG2 as a tumor promoter in endometrial carcinoma and its relationship with the immunological microenvironment.

Arbitrary engineering of spatial caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces.

Caustics occur in diverse physical systems, spanning the nano-scale in electron microscopy to astronomical-scale in gravitational lensing. As envelopes of rays, optical caustics result in sharp edges or extended networks. Caustics in structured light, characterized by complex-amplitude distributions, have innovated numerous applications including particle manipulation, high-resolution imaging techniques, and optical communication.

Organoids as an in vitro model to study human tumors and bacteria.

Organoids faithfully replicate the morphological structure, physiological functions, stable phenotype of the source tissue. Recent research indicates that bacteria can significantly influence the initiation, advancement, and treatment of tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the applications of organoid technology in tumor research, the relationship between bacteria and the genesis and development of tumors, and the exploration of the impact of bacteria on tumors and their applications in research.

Rigorous full-wave calculation of optical forces on microparticles immersed in vector Pearcey beams.

We present the electromagnetic fields of vector Pearcey beams by employing the vector angular spectrum representation. The beams maintain the inherent properties of autofocusing performance and inversion effect. Based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and Maxwell stress tensor approach, we derive the partial-wave expansion coefficients of arbitrary beams with different polarization and the rigorous solution to evaluate the optical forces.

β-Glucan alleviates goal-directed behavioral deficits in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a neuroinvasive parasite causing neuroinflammation, which in turn is associated with a higher risk for several psycho-behavioral disorders. There is an urgent need to identify drugs capable of improving cognitive deficits induced by T.

β-Glucan ameliorates anxiety-like behavior in mice chronically infected with the Toxoplasma gondii Wh6 strain.

Chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection has been revealed to be a risk factor for neuropsychiatric diseases, including anxiety. However, there is no intervention strategy.

[Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents and the environmental impact factors across different land use types in typical karst rocky desertification area, Southwest China.].

In this study, we collected soil samples from four different land use types (forest land, shrub land, grassland and abandoned land) in Huajiang valley of Guizhou Province, a typical karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to examine the distribution of available nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in diffe-rent soil layers from 0 to 30 cm and the relationships between soil environmental factors (soil physical indexes, organic carbon components, electrochemical properties, metal oxides and enzyme activities) and the contents of available N and available P. The results showed that the concentrations of soil total N, total P, available N, available P decreased significantly with the increases of soil depth.

Mobile element insertion detection in 89,874 clinical exomes.

Purpose: Exome sequencing (ES) is increasingly used for the diagnosis of rare genetic disease. However, some pathogenic sequence variants within the exome go undetected due to the technical difficulty of identifying them. Mobile element insertions (MEIs) are a known cause of genetic disease in humans but have been historically difficult to detect via ES and similar targeted sequencing methods.

Jumonji domain containing 1C (JMJD1C) sequence variants in seven patients with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and seizures.

The Jumonji domain containing 1C (JMJD1C) gene encodes the Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C (JMJD1C) and is a member of the jmJC domain-containing protein family involved in histone demethylation that is expressed in the brain. We report seven, unrelated patients with developmental delays or intellectual disability and heterozygous, de novo sequence variants in JMJD1C. All patients had developmental delays, but there were no consistent additional findings.

Haploinsufficiency of the Notch Ligand DLL1 Causes Variable Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Notch signaling is an established developmental pathway for brain morphogenesis. Given that Delta-like 1 (DLL1) is a ligand for the Notch receptor and that a few individuals with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and brain malformations have microdeletions encompassing DLL1, we hypothesized that insufficiency of DLL1 causes a human neurodevelopmental disorder. We performed exome sequencing in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Pathogenic WDFY3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders and opposing effects on brain size.

The underpinnings of mild to moderate neurodevelopmental delay remain elusive, often leading to late diagnosis and interventions. Here, we present data on exome and genome sequencing as well as array analysis of 13 individuals that point to pathogenic, heterozygous, mostly de novo variants in WDFY3 (significant de novo enrichment P = 0.003) as a monogenic cause of mild and non-specific neurodevelopmental delay.

A Rare Variant Identified Within the GluN2B C-Terminus in a Patient with Autism Affects NMDA Receptor Surface Expression and Spine Density.

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are crucial for neuronal development and higher cognitive processes. NMDAR dysfunction is involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases; however, the mechanistic link between the human pathology and NMDAR dysfunction is poorly understood. Rare missense variants within NMDAR subunits have been identified in numerous patients with mental or neurological disorders.

[Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budgets of bottom-cultured clam Ruditapes philippinarum].

In order to elucidate the role of bottom-cultured clams in the coastal nutrient cycle, the seasonal filtration, ingestion and biodeposition rates were in situ measured and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) budgets of Ruditapes philippinarum among four seasons were modeled. The results showed that the scope for growth of R. philippinarum in carbon (SFG(C)), nitrogen (SFG(N)), and phosphorus (SFG(P)) all varied significantly among seasons, with the highest values in spring.

Ebf2 is required for development of dopamine neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter of mouse.

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain ventral periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) play critical roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes including sleep-wake rhyme, antinociception, and drug addiction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are poorly understood. Here, we showed that PAG DA neurons arose as early as E15.

The canonical Notch pathway effector RBP-J regulates neuronal plasticity and expression of GABA transporters in hippocampal networks.

Activation of the Notch pathway in neurons is essential for learning and memory in various species from invertebrates to mammals. However, it remains unclear how Notch signaling regulates neuronal plasticity, and whether the transcriptional regulator and canonical pathway effector RBP-J plays a role. Here, we report that conditional disruption of RBP-J in the postnatal hippocampus leads to defects in long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and in learning and memory.

Characterization of a myostatin gene (MSTN1) from spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) and association between its promoter polymorphism and individual growth performance.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily which could play an important role in negatively regulating skeletal muscle growth and development in mammal and non-mammal species. In the present study, a MSTN1 gene (designated as VvMSTN1) was cloned and characterized in one flatfish species, spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus). In the 3078 bp genomic sequence, three exons, two introns and a promoter sequence were identified.

[Self-pollution in Ruditapes philippinarum bottom-cultured area of Zhuanghe coast].

By using sediment trap and closed respirator, a year-round in situ investigation was made on the bio-deposition rate, ammonia excretion rate, and phosphate excretion rate in the Ruditapes philippinarum bottom-cultured area of Zhuanghe coast. The three test rates of R. philippinarum all showed obvious seasonal variability, with the bio-deposition rate ranged in 0.

Activity-induced Notch signaling in neurons requires Arc/Arg3.1 and is essential for synaptic plasticity in hippocampal networks.

Notch signaling in the nervous system has been most studied in the context of cell fate specification. However, numerous studies have suggested that Notch also regulates neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Here we show that Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 are present at the synapse, and that Notch signaling in neurons occurs in response to synaptic activity.

Expression of ventral diencephalon-enriched genes in zebrafish.

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the vertebrate di- and mesencephalon play essential roles in movement control, endocrine modulation and many other important physiological activities. To identify genes that may regulate the specification and differentiation of diencephalic DA neurons in zebrafish, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of a set of genes was investigated. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that expression of DNA binding inhibitor 3 (Id3), early B cell factor 2 (Ebf2), Ebf3, Iroquois related homeobox 1 (Irx1), Kruppel-like factor 7 (Klf7), mab-21-like 1 (Mab21l1), fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7) and stathmin-like 4 (Stmn4), were enriched in the diencephalon of zebrafish.

Ventral mesencephalon-enriched genes that regulate the development of dopaminergic neurons in vivo.

Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons are critical for movement control and other physiological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are poorly understood. We aimed to establish the expression profiles of genes involved in this process and unravel genetic programs that control late development of mDA neurons.