Molecular-level transformations of biomass burning-derived water-soluble organic carbon during dark aqueous OH oxidation: Insights from absorption, fluorescence, high-performance size exclusion chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis.

Biomass burning (BB) releases large amounts of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which would undergo heterogenous oxidation processes that induce transformations in both molecular structures and compositions within BB WSOC. This study designed an aqueous oxidation initiated by OH radicals in the absence of light for WSOC extracted from smoke particles generated by burning of corn straw and fir wood. The BB WSOC was comprehensively characterized using a combination of UV-visible spectra, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence in conjunction with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses.

Abnormal voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity in first-episode major depressive disorder using fMRI: a machine learning approach.

Objective: To explore the interhemispheric information synergy ability of the brain in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients by applying the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method and further explore the potential clinical diagnostic value of VMHC metric by a machine learning approach.

Methods: 52 healthy controls and 48 first-episode MDD patients were recruited in the study. We performed neuropsychological tests and resting-state fMRI scanning on all subjects.

Nrf2 regulates iron-dependent hippocampal synapses and functional connectivity damage in depression.

Neuronal iron overload contributes to synaptic damage and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iron deposition in depression remain largely unexplored. Our study aims to investigate how nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ameliorates hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and reduces brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with excessive iron in depression.

Corilagin alleviates liver fibrosis in zebrafish and mice by repressing IDO1-mediated M2 macrophage repolarization.

Background: Liver fibrosis caused by chronic liver injury, eventually develops into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no effective drugs to relieve liver fibrosis due to the lack of molecular pathogenesis characteristics. Former research demonstrates that the hepatic immune microenvironment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, thus macrophages are important immune cells in the liver.

Wenqingyin suppresses ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury by activating the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway.

Background: Wenqingyin (WQY) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its protective activity against ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of action of WQY in sepsis-induced liver injury both in vivo and in vitro.

Isoliquiritigenin alleviates liver fibrosis through caveolin-1-mediated hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis in zebrafish and mice.

Background: Liver fibrosis is a major disease that threatens people's health around the world. However, there is a lack of effective treatment to completely reverse liver fibrosis. Liver transplantation is currently the only curative option for patients with advanced cirrhosis.

Regional amplitude abnormities in the major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study and support vector machine analysis.

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder. However, it still remains challenging to select sensitive biomarkers and establish reliable diagnosis methods currently. This study aimed to investigate the abnormalities of the spontaneous brain activity in the MDD and explore the clinical diagnostic value of three amplitude metrics in altered regions by applying the support vector machine (SVM) method.

Hepatic TGFβr1 Deficiency Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Inhibiting GSK3β-Nrf2-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Ferroptosis.

Background & Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis may be involved in ALF. Indeed, emerging studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a significant role in ALF.

Ginsenoside-Rg1 acts as an IDO1 inhibitor, protects against liver fibrosis via alleviating IDO1-mediated the inhibition of DCs maturation.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been reported as a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Ginseng Rg1(G-Rg1) is a characterized bioactive component isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax ginseng C. A.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 limits hepatic inflammatory cells recruitment and promotes bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is a course of chronic liver dysfunction, can develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammatory insult owing to pathogenic factors plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) can affect the infiltration of immune cells in many pathology processes of diseases, but its role in liver fibrosis has not been elucidated completely.

Mutual antagonism between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 regulates the maturation status of DCs in liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis can develop into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma substantially without effective available treatment currently due to rarely characterized molecular pathogenesis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1) can be detected on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and modulates various immune responses. However, the role of IDO1 in the regulation of dendritic cells (DCs) during liver fibrosis is rarely reported.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1enhanceshepatocytes ferroptosis in acute immune hepatitis associated with excess nitrative stress.

Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by lipid peroxidation. However, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in acute immune hepatitis (AIH) are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the classical ferroptotic events in the livers of mice with concanavalin A (ConA) to induce AIH.

[Inhibitory effect of giganteaside D on hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3b cells and the underlying mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of giganteaside D (GD) on hepatocellular carcinoma and its molecular mechanisms.

Methods: The inhibitory effects of GD on Hep 3b cells were determined using MTT assay and colony formation assay. The morphological changes of Hep 3b cells after GD treatment were observed by electron microscopy, and the cell cycle changes was analyzed using flow cytometry.