Co-existence of type I fatty acid synthase and polyketide synthase metabolons in Aurantiochytrium SW1 and their implications for lipid biosynthesis.

The key enzymes of lipid biosynthesis in oleaginous filamentous fungi exist as metabolons. However, the existence of a similar organization in other groups of oleaginous microorganisms is still unknown. In this study, we confirmed the occurrence of two separate and distinct lipogenic metabolons in a thraustochytrid, Aurantiochytrium SW1.

Association of polymorphism and multiple sclerosis in Malaysia: a pilot study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is an immune mediated disease targeting the central nervous system. Association of non-human leukocyte antigen gene, , with multiple sclerosis has been reported in several populations but is unclear among Southeast Asians. This pilot study was conducted to explore the association between polymorphism and multiple sclerosis among the Malay population in Malaysia.

Optimization of Culture Conditions for Enhanced Growth, Lipid and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production of Aurantiochytrium SW1 by Response Surface Methodology.

In this study, optimization of growth, lipid and DHA production of Aurantiochytrium SW1 was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) in optimizing initial fructose concentration, agitation speed and monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration. Central composite design was applied as the experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. ANOVA analysis revealed that the process which adequately represented by quadratic model was significant (p < 0.

First evidence for a multienzyme complex of lipid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in Cunninghamella bainieri.

Malic enzyme (ME) plays a vital role in determining the extent of lipid accumulation in oleaginous fungi being the major provider of NADPH for the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS). We report here the first direct evidence of the existence of a lipogenic multienzyme complex (the lipid metabolon) involving ME, FAS, ATP: citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1. Cell-free extracts prepared from cells taken in both growth and lipid accumulation phases were prepared by protoplasting and subjected to Blue Native (BN)-PAGE coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1.

Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions (Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Ca(2+), Co(2+), and Zn(2+)) for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1 was established. When cultivated in nitrogen-limited medium, the fungus produced up to 30% lipid (g/g biomass) with 12.