How achievable are STRIDE-II treatment targets in real-world practice and do they predict long-term treatment outcomes?

Objective: The second iteration of the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE-II) initiative recommends use of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) as a treatment target for patients with CD. We aimed to assess whether the STRIDE-II endoscopic endpoints are achievable and whether the degree of mucosal healing (MH) affects long-term outcomes.

Design/method: We performed a retrospective observational study between 2015 and 2022.

A retrospective cohort study: pre-operative oral enteral nutritional optimisation for Crohn's disease in a UK tertiary IBD centre.

Background: Low-quality evidence suggests that pre-operative exclusive enteral nutrition (E/EN) can improve postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). It is not standard practice in most centres.

Aims: To test the hypothesis that pre-operative EN in patients undergoing ileal/ileocolonic surgery for CD is associated with improved postoperative outcome.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among inflammatory bowel disease patients during COVID-19: A UK cohort study.

Background And Aim: Patients with chronic diseases are believed to be at increased risk of mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the incidence of psychological morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, explore for association with risk of severe COVID-19 and other factors, and establish patients' interest in psychological support.

Methods: A survey including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and Perceived Stress Scale tools for depression, anxiety, and stress was administered to IBD patients from a tertiary center in London, United Kingdom, in June 2020.

An observational study of switching infliximab biosimilar: no adverse impact on inflammatory bowel disease control or drug levels with first or second switch.

Background: Biologics account for a significant cost in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management; however, switching from infliximab originator to its biosimilars has enabled cost saving without compromising disease control. The effects on IBD activity and infliximab trough levels of a second switch to another biosimilar are, however, uncertain.

Aims: To assess the effects on disease activity and infliximab trough levels associated with switching from infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 to another biosimilar SB2 and compare outcomes in those switching for the first and second time.

The effects of COVID-19 on IBD prescribing and service provision in a UK tertiary centre.

Background: To quantify the effects of COVID-19 on our inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit, including service provision, prescribing practices and use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Methods: We performed a single centre retrospective observational cohort study. Data was extracted from our IBD database, electronic patient records and radiology/endoscopy reporting systems between 16/3/20-17/4/20 and the corresponding period in 2019.

Interleukin 33 Triggers Early Eosinophil-Dependent Events Leading to Metaplasia in a Chronic Model of Gastritis-Prone Mice.

Background & Aims: Interleukin (IL)33/IL1F11 is an important mediator for the development of type 2 T-helper cell (Th2)-driven inflammatory disorders and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI)-related cancers, including gastric carcinoma. We therefore sought to mechanistically determine IL33's potential role as a critical factor linking chronic inflammation and gastric carcinogenesis using gastritis-prone SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice.

Methods: SAMP and (parental control) AKR mice were assessed for baseline gastritis and progression to metaplasia.

Therapeutic thresholds for golimumab serum concentrations during induction and maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis: results from the GO-LEVEL study.

Background: Significant associations between serum golimumab concentrations and favourable outcomes have been observed during both induction and maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, data regarding optimal therapeutic serum golimumab concentration thresholds are limited.

Aims: To identify optimal serum golimumab concentration thresholds during induction and maintenance treatment with golimumab.

Effectiveness of vedolizumab dose intensification to achieve inflammatory bowel disease control in cases of suboptimal response.

Background: Despite the proven efficacy of vedolizumab (VDZ) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), suboptimal response is commonly encountered. However, data regarding the effectiveness of dose intensification (by interval shortening) to achieve response are limited.

Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of dose intensification at achieving response in patients with a previously suboptimal response to VDZ.

Real-world Effectiveness of Tofacitinib for Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicentre UK Experience.

Background: Tofacitinib is a partially selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of refractory moderate to severe ulcerative colitis [UC]. We sought to define the effectiveness and adverse effects of tofacitinib in a real-world cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 134 patients with UC [64% male; median age 37 years [range 16-81]; 83% of patients had previously received at least one biologic] treated with tofacitinib from October 2018 to October 2019 in four UK centres.

Current Practices in Ileal Pouch Surveillance for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Multinational, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: There are no universally accepted guidelines regarding surveillance of ulcerative colitis [UC] patients after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA]. There also exists a lack of validated quality assurance standards for performing pouchoscopy. To better understand IPAA surveillance practices in the face of this clinical equipoise, we carried out a retrospective cohort study at five inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] referral centres.

Validation and Investigation of the Operating Characteristics of the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity.

Background: The Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) is a novel instrument to evaluate endoscopic disease activity. It has been demonstrated to outperform the more widely used Mayo endoscopic score (MES) in predicting long-term prognosis, including the need for colectomy. Despite its potential benefits, many clinicians still prefer to use MES because its operating characteristics are better defined and its grades are more readily applicable to clinical decision-making.

Outcomes following Serial Intragastric Balloon Therapy for Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Single Centre.

Background: The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to parallel the rise in obesity rates. Endobariatric devices such as the intragastric balloon (IGB) may provide an alternative treatment option.

Methods: Outcomes following IGB treatment in 135 patients with obesity and NAFLD (mean baseline weight 117.

and modeling of lipid bioaccessibility and digestion from almond muffins: The importance of the cell-wall barrier mechanism.

This study compares and models of lipid digestion from almond particles within a complex food matrix (muffins) investigating whether the cell-wall barrier regulates the bioaccessibility of nutrients within this matrix. Muffins containing small (AF) or large (AP) particles of almond were digested in triplicate using an dynamic gastric model (DGM, 1 h) followed by a static duodenal digestion (8 h). AF muffins had 97.

Short Communication: Lack of Effect of Maraviroc Intensification on Blood and Gut Reservoir.

We show that intensification of treatment with maraviroc in patients chronically infected with HIV-1 receiving successful long-term antiretroviral therapy was not associated with improvements in HIV-related morbidity, HIV reservoir, microbial translocation, immune activation, or immune exhaustion in either gut or peripheral blood. The measurement of reservoir in both gut and blood longitudinally contributes to a paucity of data in the area.

Hepatic rhythmicity of endoplasmic reticulum stress is disrupted in perinatal and adult mice models of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

We investigated the regulation of hepatic ER stress in healthy liver and adult or perinatally programmed diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Female mice were fed either obesogenic or control diet before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, offspring from each maternal group were divided into either obesogenic or control diet.

Mechanisms and models for intestinal fibrosis in IBD.

Intestinal fibrosis is a common outcome in IBD leading to significant morbidity that, to date, has no effective medical treatment. Current knowledge regarding potential mechanism(s) of intestinal fibrogenesis and stricture formation is limited, due in large part to the lack of relevant animal models. Although conventional models possess aspects that are advantageous to study specific mechanisms involved in gut fibrosis, most lack the features of a spontaneously occurring process leading to the formation of intestinal fibrotic lesions following mucosal inflammatory events and the ability to investigate the natural course of disease over time.

Central role of IL-17/Th17 immune responses and the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis.

Purpose Of Review: Intestinal fibrosis is a serious, yet common, outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite advances in developing novel treatment modalities to control chronic gut inflammation characteristic of IBD, no effective antifibrotic therapies exist to date. As such, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis and the availability of relevant animal models are critical to move this area of investigation forward.

The β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol rescues acetaminophen-injured livers through increasing progenitor numbers by Wnt in mice.

Unlabelled: Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is a major health problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates neuronal and hematopoietic progenitors. SNS signaling affects hepatic progenitor/oval cells (HPCs) and β-adrenoceptor agonism will expand HPCs to reduce AILI.

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease pathogenesis: a role for developmental programming and altered circadian rhythms.

Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and the recently described non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) but involved mechanisms remain unclear. Using a pathophysiologically relevant murine model, we here investigated a role for the biological clock--molecular core circadian genes (CCG) in the generation of NAFPD.

Design: Female C57BL6 mice were fed an obesogenic diet (OD) or standard chow (SC) for 6 weeks, prior to pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation: resulting offspring were subsequently weaned onto either OD (Ob_Ob and Con_Ob) or standard chow (Ob_Con and Con_Con) for 6 months.

Clinical evidence for allergy in orofacial granulomatosis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) causes chronic, disfiguring, granulomatous inflammation of the lips and oral mucosa. A proportion of cases have co-existing intestinal Crohn's disease (CD). The pathogenesis is unknown but has recently been linked to dietary sensitivity.

Recent advancements in drug treatment of obesity.

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, with the U.K. having the highest prevalence in Europe.