Interdependency and differential expression of ERK1 and ERK2 in breast and melanoma cell lines.

Background: Regulatory mechanism of ERK1 and ERK2, their mechanisms of action, and how they impact on development, growth, and homeostasis of different organisms have been given much emphasis for long. ERK1 and 2 though are isoforms of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase but are coded by two different genes MAPK3 and MAPK1 respectively and show differential expressions and interdependency in different cancer cell lines. Our previous investigations substantially stated the effect of ERK1 and ERK2 on different extracellular molecules like MMPs and integrins, responsible for cell growth and differentiation.

Interactions of Mn complexes with DNA: the relevance of therapeutic applications towards cancer treatment.

Manganese (Mn) is one of the most significant bio-metals that helps the body to form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones. It is necessary for fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, blood sugar regulation, and normal brain and nerve functions. It accelerates the synthesis of proteins, vitamin C, and vitamin B.

Extracellular matrix protein laminin induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human breast cancer cell line mcf-7.

Studies on interaction of tumor cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) components showed increased extracellular protease activity mediated by the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here we studied the effect of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7-laminin (LM) interaction on MMPs and the underlying signaling pathways. Culturing of MCF-7 cells on LM coated surface upregulated MMP-9 expression as well as reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a potential tumor marker in breast cancer.

This study aimed to detect the comparative expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its correlation with known pathological parameters such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in 81 malignant breast tumors and adjacent normal breast tissues and in blood sera of these patients from different clinical TNM stages (ductal carcinoma in situ to T4) of breast cancer. MMP-9 was highly expressed in node-positive tumors and the preoperative blood serum of patients, but MMP-9 activity was appreciably inhibited in blood serum samples collected after surgery. The mature form of MMP-9 (84 kD) was expressed only in clinical stage III tumors (T2-4).

Integrins and metastasis.

Metastasis is a combination of biological events that makes the difference between cancer and other diseases. Metastasis requires flow of erroneous but precisely coordinated basic cellular activities like cell migration-invasion, cell survival-apoptosis, cell proliferation, etc. All of these processes require efficient regulation of cell attachment and detachment, which recruit integrin receptors in this flow of events.

Modulation of MMPs by cell surface integrin receptor α5β1.

MMPs are a family of Zn dependent endopeptidases, which can mediate degradation of ECM components during various physiological and pathological processes including cancer. Some ECM components, through interaction with integrin receptor and modulation of downstream signaling, are capable of regulating expression and activity of several MMPs. α₅β₁ integrin is the universally accepted receptor for the ECM component fibronectin (FN).

Black tea polyphenol (theaflavin) downregulates MMP-2 in human melanoma cell line A375 by involving multiple regulatory molecules.

The tumor-inhibiting property of black tea polyphenol, theaflavin, is well documented. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in tumor invasion through degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, we observed the effect of theaflavin on MMP-2, which is upregulated in most tumor types, and its regulatory molecules, in human melanoma cell line, A375.

Multifunctional effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in downregulation of gelatinase-A (MMP-2) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Aims: The tumor inhibiting property of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is well documented. Studies reveal that matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor invasion through degradation of basement membranes and extracellular matrix (ECM). We studied the effect of EGCG on matrixmetalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), the factors involved in activation, secretion and signaling molecules that might be involved in the regulation of MMP-2 in human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.