Vector-free in vivo trans-determination of adult hepatic stem cells to insulin-producing cells.

A reduction in the number of functional β-cells is the central pathological event in diabetes. Liver and ventral pancreas differentiates simultaneously in the same general domain of cells within embryonic endoderm. In addition, the precursor cell population being bi-potential may be targeted for either pancreas or liver development.

Attenuation of macrophage accumulation and polarisation in obese diabetic mice by a small molecule significantly improved insulin sensitivity.

Accumulation and polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 to proinflammatory M1 macrophage in the adipose tissue of obese diabetic mice is an important pathogenic signature. It worsens lipid induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Here we demonstrate that a small molecule, a peroxyvanadate compound i.

Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterial and Anticancer Materials Against Human Breast, Cervical and Oral Cancer Cells.

Silver nanoparticles contribute a giant share to the realm of modern nanobiotechnology. Their utility as antimicrobial agents is also well documented. Green synthesis of nanoparticle has several advantages over its chemical synthesis.

Differential modulation of cellular antioxidant status in zebrafish liver and kidney exposed to low dose arsenic trioxide.

Zebrafish were exposed to a nonlethal dose (1/350LC; 50µg/L) of AsO and sampled at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of treatment. The oxidative stress response was assessed in terms of time-dependent histopathological changes, lipid peroxidation, GSH status, activities of detoxification enzymes and expression of antioxidant genes in liver and kidney. AsO treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation except at day 90 in liver and day 30 in kidney.

Toxic metals and autophagy.

The earth's resources are finite, and it can no longer be considered a source of inexhaustible bounty for the human population. However, this realization has not been able to contain the human desire for rapid industrialization. The collateral to overusing environmental resources is the high-level contamination of undesirable toxic metals, leading to bioaccumulation and cellular damage.

Low dose of arsenic trioxide triggers oxidative stress in zebrafish brain: expression of antioxidant genes.

Occurrence of arsenic in the aquatic environment of West Bengal (India), Bangladesh and other countries are of immediate environmental concern. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model to investigate oxidative stress related enzyme activities and expression of antioxidant genes in the brain to 50µg/L arsenic trioxide for 90 days. In treated fish, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene (CD) showed a triphasic response attaining a peak at the end of the exposure.

Mollusc C-reactive protein crosses species barrier and reverses hepatotoxicity of lead in rodent models.

Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides. Cytotoxicity was also significantly ameliorated in rat hepatocytes by in vitro pre-treatments with individual subunits (60, 62, 90 and 110 kDa) of ACRP. Annexin V-Cy3/CFDA dual staining showed significant reduction in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes pre-treated with ACRP.