Different origin-derived exosomes and their clinical advantages in cancer therapy.

Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Regarding cancer diagnosis, the stability of their membrane structure and their wide distribution in body fluids render exosomes promising biomarkers. It is expected that exosome-based liquid biopsy will become an important tool for tumor diagnosis in the future.

Frontiers and future of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, that is becoming increasingly common in recent years. Despite advances in intensive treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, biological therapy, and targeted therapy, the overall survival rate has not significantly improved in patients with pancreatic cancer. This may be attributed to the insidious onset, unknown pathophysiology, and poor prognosis of the disease.

Coating Titania Nanoparticles with Epoxy-Containing Catechol Polymers via Cu(0)-Living Radical Polymerization as Intelligent Enzyme Carriers.

Immobilization of enzyme could offer the biocatalyst with increased stability and important recoverability, which plays a vital role in the enzyme's industrial applications. In this study, we present a new strategy to build an intelligent enzyme carrier by coating titania nanoparticles with thermoresponsive epoxy-functionalized polymers. Zero-valent copper-mediated living radical polymerization (Cu(0)-LRP) was utilized herein to copolymerize N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and glycidyl acrylate (GA) directly from an unprotected dopamine-functionalized initiator to obtain an epoxy-containing polymer with terminal anchor for the "grafting to" or "one-pot" modification of titania nanoparticles.