Nicotine metabolite ratio in people with HIV who smoke cigarettes receiving pharmacologic and behavioral cessation therapy.

People with HIV (PWH) smoke cigarettes at triple the rate of the general population in the US. Efforts to increase quit rates in this group have met with limited success. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) has shown promise as a phenotypic marker that may be useful in selecting the most appropriate cessation treatments for people who smoke cigarettes.

Efficacy of Smoking Cessation Interventions among People with HIV in Kenya.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) smoke at much higher rates than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions among people with HIV in lower-middle-income countries remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design trial based in Nairobi, Kenya, to evaluate the efficacy of bupropion versus placebo, and a culturally tailored behavioral cessation therapy, called Positively Smoke Free (PSF), versus standard of care for people with HIV who smoke.

Race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depressive symptoms, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV participating in a randomized clinical trial for cigarette smoking cessation.

People with HIV smoke cigarettes at a high prevalence, and it is important to identify modifiable variables related to smoking in this population. Race/ethnicity-based discrimination is common among people with HIV from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and results in significant adverse effects. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depression, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV who smoke.

Woodland caribou calving fidelity: Spatial location, habitat, or both?

Individuals that isolate themselves to give birth can use more than one strategy in choosing birth sites to maximize reproductive success. Previous research has focused on the consistency in the use of the same birth-site across years (i.e.

Hepatitis C and Cigarette Smoking Behavior: Themes From Focus Groups.

Introduction: People with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV; PWHC) use cigarettes at a much higher prevalence than other individuals, and smoking can exacerbate the harms specifically related to HCV (eg, hepatocellular carcinoma). Little is known about factors related to cigarette use among PWHC.

Aims And Methods: This study examined focus group data to explore beliefs and behaviors related to cigarette use among PWHC.

Optimizing behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions among people with HIV.

Background: People with HIV/AIDS (PWH) smoke at nearly three times the rate of the general population. Interventions to promote sustained quitting among PWH are urgently needed.

Methods: Our study used a randomized factorial design to evaluate the effects of varenicline, compared with placebo, and behavioral cessation therapy, positively smoke free (PSF), compared with standard of care (SOC) among PWH who smoke.

The Role of Seed Users in Nurturing an Online Health Community for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV/AIDS.

Background: To nurture a new online community for health behavior change, a fruitful strategy is to recruit "seed users" to create content and encourage participation.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of support from seed users in an online community for smoking cessation among people living with HIV/AIDS and explored the linguistic characteristics of their interactions.

Methods: These secondary analyses examined data from a randomized trial of a smoking cessation intervention for HIV+ smokers delivered via an online health community (OHC).

Co-use of cigarettes and cannabis among people with HIV: Results from a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial.

Significance: People with HIV (PWH) who smoke cigarettes have lower cessation rates than the general population. This study investigated whether changes in cannabis use frequency impedes cigarette cessation among PWH who are motivated to quit.

Methods: Between 2016-2020, PWH who smoked cigarettes were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for cigarette cessation.

People with HIV who smoke cigarettes non-daily.

Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of mortality in people with HIV (PWH) in the United States (US). A rising proportion of US tobacco users smoke non-daily, a phenomenon that is common among PWH. PWH who smoke non-daily may be attractive targets for cessation efforts, and, thus, a fuller understanding of non-daily smoking in PWH is important.

Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking behaviors among a sample of people with HIV.

This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a clinical trial of an intensive group-based smoking cessation treatment for people with HIV (PWH) who smoke. It examined the cross-sectional relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) and cigarette smoking variables (i.e.

Substance Use and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in the United States.

People with HIV (PWH) report substance use at higher rates than HIV-uninfected individuals. The potential negative impact of single and polysubstance use on HIV treatment among diverse samples of PWH is underexplored. PWH were recruited from the Center for Positive Living at the Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, NY, USA) from May 2017-April 2018 and completed a cross-sectional survey with measures of substance use, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and ART adherence.

Adapting a tobacco cessation treatment intervention and implementation strategies to enhance implementation effectiveness and clinical outcomes in the context of HIV care in Vietnam: a case study.

Background: Smoking rates remain high in Vietnam, particularly among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), but tobacco cessation services are not available in outpatient HIV clinics (OPCs). The research team is conducting a type II hybrid randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the cost-effectiveness of three tobacco cessation interventions among PLWH receiving care in HIV clinics in Vietnam. The study is simultaneously evaluating the implementation processes and outcomes of strategies aimed at increasing the implementation of tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in the context of HIV care.

Randomized Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Treatment and Online Community Support for People With HIV Attempting to Quit Smoking Cigarettes.

Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States (US) smoke cigarettes at approximately triple the rate of the general adult population and are less successful in their quit attempts than other smokers. This randomized trial tested whether a novel web-based cessation program for PWH yielded higher cigarette quit rates compared with a control program.

Setting: Two urban HIV care sites in NYC and Baltimore.

Tobacco Use and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Practical Guide for Clinicians.

More than 40% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) in the United States smoke tobacco cigarettes. Among those on antiretroviral therapy, smoking decreases life expectancy more than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) itself. Most PWH who smoke want to quit, but tobacco dependence treatment has not been widely integrated into HIV care.

Behavioral and Genetic Factors Associated with Successful Long-Term Cessation in Persons with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes.

Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) smoke cigarettes at much higher rates than the general population in the US, and smoking is now the leading cause of death in US PWH. Efforts to control the tobacco use epidemic in PWH have met with limited success, and the factors associated with successful cessation are not well delineated. There is a particular dearth of knowledge regarding PWH ex-smokers who have successfully quit smoking cigarettes for the long term.

Cigarette Smoking Behaviors and Beliefs in Persons Living With HIV in Nairobi, Kenya.

Introduction: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) use tobacco at higher rates than the general population in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco use rates are increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, the home to most of the world's PLWH. As the reach of antiretroviral therapy (ART) expands and HIV-related morbidity and mortality wanes, tobacco use is emerging as a leading cause of disease and death in PLWH.

Persons living with HIV who do not smoke cigarettes: A comparison of ex-smokers and never smokers.

Background And Aims: Approximately half of persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the US smoke cigarettes. Large surveys show that 16.9%-37.

Harm reduction for smokers living with HIV.

Tobacco use is now a leading cause of death in people living with HIV in the USA. Increasing cessation rates in this group is a public health priority, yet the results of clinical trials aimed at optimising tobacco treatment strategies have been largely disappointing. Combinations of behavioural and pharmacological cessation therapies in people living with HIV have yielded increases in short-term quit rates, but few have shown long-term efficacy.

A tailored telehealth group tobacco cessation treatment program for people with HIV: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Smoking-related illnesses are the leading cause of death among people with HIV (PWH). Yet, there are few effective evidence-based interventions that help PWH quit smoking. The group-based program Positively Smoke Free is a biobehavioral cessation intervention for PWH with a growing evidence base.

The associations of CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV viral load with survival from non-small cell lung cancer in persons living with HIV.

HIV status may influence survival from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among NSCLC patients in the Bronx, NY, we assessed (1) associations of CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio and HIV viral load (VL) with survival and (2) prognostic factors among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We compared survival from NSCLC diagnosis (2004-2017) between HIV-negative persons (HIV-, =2,881) and PLWH (=88) accounting for clinical and sociodemographic factors.

Self-control and smoking in a sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking prevalences are very high in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Identifying variables among PLWH that are linked to smoking in community samples (e.g.

Pain and medication adherence in adult cigarette smokers living with HIV: a cross-sectional observational study.

The present study examines relationships between pain, mental health symptoms, and medication adherence in adult smokers living with HIV. Sixty-eight adult HIV-positive smokers taking antiretroviral medication completed a survey measuring medication adherence, mental health symptoms, and pain. The presence of pain, OR = 3.