Nitrous oxide is the main product during nitrate reduction by a novel lithoautotrophic iron(II)-oxidizing culture from an organic-rich paddy soil.

Microbial nitrate reduction coupled to iron(II) oxidation (NRFeOx) occurs in paddy soils due to high levels of dissolved iron(II) and regular application of nitrogen fertilizer. However, to date, there is no lithoautotrophic NRFeOx isolate or enrichment culture available from this soil environment. Thus, resulting impacts on greenhouse gas emissions during nitrate reduction (i.

A proteomics approach to study mouse long bones: examining baseline differences and mechanical loading-induced bone formation in young-adult and old mice.

With aging, bone mass declines and the anabolic effects of skeletal loading diminish. While much research has focused on gene transcription, how bone ages and loses its mechanoresponsiveness at the protein level remains unclear. We developed a novel proteomics approach and performed a paired mass spectrometry and RNA-seq analysis on tibias from young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) mice.

Advanced Methods for Analyzing in-Situ Observations of Magnetic Reconnection.

There is ample evidence for magnetic reconnection in the solar system, but it is a nontrivial task to visualize, to determine the proper approaches and frames to study, and in turn to elucidate the physical processes at work in reconnection regions from in-situ measurements of plasma particles and electromagnetic fields. Here an overview is given of a variety of single- and multi-spacecraft data analysis techniques that are key to revealing the context of in-situ observations of magnetic reconnection in space and for detecting and analyzing the diffusion regions where ions and/or electrons are demagnetized. We focus on recent advances in the era of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which has made electron-scale, multi-point measurements of magnetic reconnection in and around Earth's magnetosphere.

Multi-scale cortical bone traits vary in females and males from two mouse models of genetic diversity.

Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that cannot easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of 3 long bones in skeletally-mature mice.

Microbial adaptations and biogeochemical cycling of uranium in polymetallic tailings.

Microorganisms inhabiting uranium (U)-rich environments have specific physiological and biochemical coping mechanisms to deal with U toxicity, and thereby play a crucial role in the U biogeochemical cycling as well as associated heavy metals. We investigated the diversity and functional capabilities of indigenous bacterial communities inhabiting historic U- and Rare-Earth-Elements-rich polymetallic tailings from the Mount Painter Inlier, Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Bacterial diversity profiling identified Actinobacteria as the predominant phylum in all samples.

Outcomes of an integrated practice unit for vulnerable emergency department patients.

Background: An integrated practice unit (IPU) that provides a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, typically involving a primary care provider, registered nurse, social worker, and pharmacist has been shown to reduce healthcare utilization among high-cost super-utilizer (SU) patients or multi-visit patients (MVP). However, less is known about differences in the impact of these interventions on insured vs. uninsured SU patients and super high frequency SUs ([Formula: see text]8 ED visits per 6 months) vs.

Meta-analysis of clinical trials in the 2020s and beyond: a paradigm shift needed.

Background: A peer-reviewed meta-analysis methods article mathematically proved that mainstream random-effects methods, "weights inversely proportional to the estimated variance," are flawed and can lead to faulty public health recommendations. Because the arguments causing this off-label (unproven) use of mainstream practices were subtle, changing these practices will require much clearer explanations that can be grasped by clinical and translational scientists. There are five assumptions underlying the mainstream's derivation of its statistical properties.

From biomolecules to biogeochemistry: Exploring the interaction of an indigenous bacterium with gold.

Specialised microbial communities colonise the surface of gold particles in soils/sediments, and catalyse gold dissolution and re-precipitation, thereby contributing to the environmental mobility and toxicity of this 'inert' precious metal. We assessed the proteomic and physiological response of Serratia proteamaculans, the first metabolically active bacterium enriched and isolated directly from natural gold particles, when exposed to toxic levels of soluble Au (10 μM). The results were compared to a metal-free blank, and to cultures exposed to similarly toxic levels of soluble Cu (0.

Multi-Scale Cortical Bone Traits Vary in Two Mouse Models of Genetic Diversity.

Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that can't easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of three long bones in skeletally-mature mice.

The Targeted Deletion of Genes Responsible for Expression of the Mth60 Fimbriae Leads to Loss of Cell-Cell Connections in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH.

This study is a continuation by the Environmental Biotechnology Group of the University of Tübingen in memoriam to Reinhard Wirth, who initiated the work on Mth60 fimbriae at the University of Regensburg. Growth in biofilms or biofilm-like structures is the prevailing lifestyle for most microbes in nature. The first crucial step to initiate biofilms is the adherence of microbes to biotic and abiotic surfaces.

Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers' Characteristics Affect Disaster Survival.

Objective: Medical Reserve Corps' volunteers underwent stop-the-bleed, triage, and disaster preparedness training to improve victim survival of a mass casualty event.

Methods: Volunteer responses to 16 disaster vignettes were recorded as 'survived' if correct, or 'died' if incorrect. Volunteers' characteristics were evaluated based on the health outcomes of the vignette victims via logistic regression.

Microbially influenced corrosion and rust tubercle formation on sheet piles in freshwater systems.

The extent of how complex natural microbial communities contribute to metal corrosion is still not fully resolved, especially not for freshwater environments. In order to elucidate the key processes, we investigated rust tubercles forming massively on sheet piles along the river Havel (Germany) applying a complementary set of techniques. In-situ microsensor profiling revealed steep gradients of O , redox potential and pH within the tubercle.

Pandemic Isolation and Mental Health Among Children.

Objective: Mental health issues increased during the COVID - 19 pandemic, especially among children. Our past research efforts found that surveillance data can address a variety of health concerns; that personal psychological awareness impacted ability to cope, and mental health outcomes were improved when survivors were triaged to mental health countermeasures. To build upon our public health efforts, we wanted to see if increased screen time due to remote learning caused by the pandemic influenced school aged children's mental health.

Electron-Scale Reconnection in Three-Dimensional Shock Turbulence.

Magnetic reconnection has been observed in the transition region of quasi-parallel shocks. In this work, the particle-in-cell method is used to simulate three-dimensional reconnection in a quasi-parallel shock. The shock transition region is turbulent, leading to the formation of reconnecting current sheets with various orientations.

Loading-induced bone formation is mediated by Wnt1 induction in osteoblast-lineage cells.

Mechanical loading on the skeleton stimulates bone formation. Although the exact mechanism underlying this process remains unknown, a growing body of evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for the skeletal response to loading. Recently, we showed that Wnts produced by osteoblast lineage cells mediate the osteo-anabolic response to tibial loading in adult mice.

Development of a LAG-3 immunohistochemistry assay for melanoma.

Aims: A robust immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was developed to detect lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) expression by immune cells (ICs) in tumour tissues. LAG-3 is an immuno-oncology target with demonstrable clinical benefit, and there is a need for a standardised, well-characterised assay to measure its expression. This study aims to describe LAG-3 scoring criteria and present the specificity, sensitivity, analytical precision and reproducibility of this assay.

Implementation of Telehealth for Psychiatric Care in VA Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Clinics.

To conduct a mixed-methods evaluation of an emergency telehealth intervention in unscheduled settings (emergency department [ED] and urgent care clinic [UCC]) within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). We used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to conduct a mixed-methods evaluation of a novel telehealth program implemented in the VHA (Hospital System) in March 2020. We compared the 3 months preimplementation (December 1, 2019 through February 29, 2020) with the 3 months postimplementation (April 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020), then followed sustainability through January 31, 2021.

Mineral characterization and composition of Fe-rich flocs from wetlands of Iceland: Implications for Fe, C and trace element export.

In freshwater wetlands, redox interfaces characterized by circumneutral pH, steep gradients in O, and a continual supply of Fe(II) form ecological niches favorable to microaerophilic iron(II) oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and the formation of flocs; associations of (a)biotic mineral phases, microorganisms, and (microbially-derived) organic matter. On the volcanic island of Iceland, wetlands are replenished with Fe-rich surface-, ground- and springwater. Combined with extensive drainage of lowland wetlands, which forms artificial redox gradients, accumulations of bright orange (a)biotically-derived Fe-rich flocs are common features of Icelandic wetlands.

Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Kidney Disease Study: Rationale and Design.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis, inflammation, and vascular stiffness are prominent interrelated risk factors contributing to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with CKD. Conventional CVD management strategies in CKD largely target atherosclerotic CVD and have had a limited impact on the cardiovascular mortality in this population. Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies and epidemiological evidence from the rheumatologic cohorts have shown that low-dose hydroxychloroquine has beneficial effects on inflammation, endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome.

Right Heart Failure While on Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Is Associated with Primary Graft Dysfunction.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a potentially devastating complication of heart transplantation. Understanding the risk factors for PGD in the modern era of heart transplantation is of vital importance. This study investigated the relationship between post-left ventricular assist device (LVAD) right heart failure (RHF) and transplant outcomes.

A genomic perspective of metal-resistant bacteria from gold particles: Possible survival mechanisms during gold biogeochemical cycling.

A bacterial consortium was enriched from gold particles that 'experienced' ca. 80 years of biotransformation within waste-rock piles (Australia). This bacterial consortium was exposed to 10 µM AuCl3 to obtain Au-tolerant bacteria.

Medication Use for ADHD and the Risk of Driving Citations and Crashes Among Teenage Drivers: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of ADHD medications on adverse driving outcomes in teenage drivers with ADHD. We retrospectively followed 15- to 20-year-old ADHD patients with valid driver's license to compare the risk for crashes and citations between periods with and without ADHD medication use, using Florida Medicaid records linked to Department of Motor Vehicles data from 1999 to 2004. Patient-level demographic, clinical, and driver licensing characteristics as well as county-level crash and traffic statistics were adjusted in Cox models.

Metal resistant bacteria on gold particles: Implications of how anthropogenic contaminants could affect natural gold biogeochemical cycling.

In Earth's near-surface environments, gold biogeochemical cycling involves gold dissolution and precipitation processes, which are partly attributed to bacteria. These biogeochemical processes as well as abrasion (via physical transport) are known to act upon gold particles, thereby resulting in particle transformation including the development of pure secondary gold and altered morphology, respectively. While previous studies have inferred gold biogeochemical cycling from gold particles obtained from natural environments, little is known about how metal contamination in an environment could impact this cycle.