NLRP3-mediated periodontal ligament cell pyroptosis promotes root resorption.

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) convert biomechanical stimulation into inflammatory microenvironment inducing root resorption (RR).

Materials And Methods: RNA sequencing was employed to explore mechanisms in force-inflammatory signal transduction. Then resorption volume, odontoclastic activity, PDLC pyroptotic ratio and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis pathway activation were analysed under force and pyroptosis inhibition.

Pyroptosis in bone loss.

Pyroptosis could be responsible for the bone loss from bone metabolic diseases, leading to the negative impact on people's health and life. It has been shown that osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes, periodontal and gingival cells may be involved in bone loss linked with pyroptosis. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Brain alterations in sensorimotor and emotional regions associated with temporomandibular disorders.

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by sensorimotor and psychological dysfunction, with evidence revealing the implication of a dysfunctional central nervous system. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported brain alterations in TMD, but most studies focused on either structure or function by a single modality of MRI and investigated static functional connectivity (FC) in TMD. By combining structural and functional MRI data, the present study aimed to identify brain regions with structural abnormalities in TMD patients and examine static and dynamic FC seeded by these regions to investigate structural brain alterations and related disrupted FC underlying the pathophysiology of TMD.

Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling mediates root resorption.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the role of wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)-receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) signaling in root resorption.

Methods: The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Wnt5a, Ror2, and RANKL in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) under compression force (CF) with or without Ror2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and these proteins released into culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then these PDLC-conditioned media under CF with or without Ror2 siRNA were used to culture osteoclast precursors to detect osteoclastogenesis effects via tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.

Disc-condyle relationship alterations following stabilization splint therapy or arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid injection in patients with anterior disc displacement: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of stabilization splint (SS) therapy or arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid (HA) injection in the treatment of anterior disc displacement (ADD) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: 99 subjects were collected in this study. 46 subjects received SS treatment (SS group), 53 subjects received arthrocentesis plus HA injection (HA group).

Regulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by microRNA.

Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is responsible for bone metabolic diseases, negatively impacting people's health and life. It has been demonstrated that microRNA influences the differentiation of osteoclasts by regulating the signaling pathways during osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Notch signaling inhibition protects against root resorption in experimental immature tooth movement in rats.

Introduction: This study aimed to build an experimental immature tooth movement model and verify less resorption of incompletely developed roots than those fully developed during the same orthodontic treatment, followed by investigating the cellular and molecular mechanism.

Methods: The development of Wistar rat tooth was investigated using in vivo microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining to decide the optimal ages of rats for immature tooth and mature tooth groups. The rats in the immature tooth and mature tooth groups were divided into experimental, sham control, and blank control groups.

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Bone Regeneration by Altering MicroRNA Profiles.

The role and underlying mechanism of exosomes derived from human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) in osteogenesis are unclear. In the present study, we identified the exosomes derived from PDLSCs and found that osteogenic induction can enhance the osteogenic ability of PDLSC-derived exosomes in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). To investigate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the exosomal miRNA expression profiles of undifferentiated and osteogenic differentiated PDLSCs by RNA sequencing.

Intermittent parathyroid hormone improves orthodontic retention via insulin-like growth factor-1.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on the stability of orthodontic retention and to explore the possible regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in this process.

Methods: Forty-eight 6-week-old male Wistar rats were adopted in this study. An orthodontic relapsing model was established to investigate the effects of iPTH on orthodontic retention.

The neuro-pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders-related pain: a systematic review of structural and functional MRI studies.

Chronic pain surrounding the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles is often the primary chief complaint of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) seeking treatment. Yet, the neuro-pathophysiological basis underlying it remains to be clarified. Neuroimaging techniques have provided a deeper understanding of what happens to brain structure and function in TMD patients with chronic pain.

Effect of the use of stabilization splint on masticatory muscle activities in TMD patients with centric relation-maximum intercuspation discrepancy and absence of anterior/lateral guidance.

: To assess the masticatory muscle activities in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with centric relation (CR)-maximum intercuspation (MI) discrepancy and absence of anterior/lateral guidance by electromyography (EMG).: Forty-six patients with TMD and 34 controls underwent clinical evaluations and EMG recordings at baseline. Twenty-three patients and 17 controls wore a stabilization splint.

Expression of proteins of elastic fibers and collagen type I in orthodontically rotated teeth in rats.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of proteins of elastic fibers and collagen type I in the supra-alveolar structure of orthodontically rotated teeth in rats and to elucidate whether circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy diminishes relapse.

Methods: The rats' maxillary left first molars were rotated by couple of force. Specimens were divided into groups according to different orthodontic procedures.

Reduced corticostriatal functional connectivity in temporomandibular disorders.

Although temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been associated with abnormal gray matter volumes in cortical areas and in the striatum, the corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) of patients with TMD has not been studied. Here, we studied 30 patients with TMD and 20 healthy controls that underwent clinical evaluations, including Helkimo indices, pain assessments, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The FCs of the striatal regions with the other brain areas were examined with a seed-based approach.

Protein and mRNA expressions of IL-6 and its key signaling factors under orthodontic forces in mice: An in-vivo study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical loading-induced changes in protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its key signaling factors glycoprotein 130 (gp130), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) at the tension and compression sides of the teeth in mouse models.

Methods: A total of 55 C57B/6 mice (10 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups. Orthodontic force was applied in group A (experimental group, n = 30); the tooth movement device was placed without activation in group B (sham control group, n = 15), and group C (blank control group, n = 10).

The use of a dynamic real-time jaw tracking device and cone beam computed tomography simulation.

Background: The aim was to introduce and preliminarily evaluate a new software application, SICAT Function, which can directly combine and merge three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic SICAT jaw motion tracking (JMT) data.

Methods: A detailed description of the methods and dynamic clinical simulation of mandibular movements of a patient are demonstrated. Functional jaw movements on 3 days were recorded by JMT tracking system.

Genetic and clinical risk factors of root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment.

Introduction: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common complication in orthodontic treatment. Despite many studies on EARR, great controversies remain with regard to its risk factors. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship among sex, root movement, IL-1RN single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs419598, IL-6 SNP rs1800796, and EARR associated with orthodontic treatment.

Temporomandibular disorders with skeletal open bite treated with stabilization splint and zygomatic miniplate anchorage: a case report.

This case report describes the treatment of a patient with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and skeletal open bite. First, the patient was treated with a stabilization splint to stabilize the condyles in centric relation and to alleviate TMD signs and symptoms. After making a definitive diagnosis from postsplint records, orthodontic treatment was initiated.

Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) technique with maxillary mini-implants in the camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients were treated with the MEAW technique and modified Class III elastics from the maxillary mini-implants. Twenty-four patients were treated with MEAW and long Class III elastics from the upper second molars as control.

Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an 18-year-old woman with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and a midline deviation. The treatment plan consisted of distalizing the mandibular dentition asymmetrically and producing space for retraction of the mandibular anterior teeth. Short Class III elastics, an open-coil spring, and the mulitloop edgewise archwire technique were used, combining the entire maxillary dentition as integrated anchorage.

Association between CYP19A1 genotype and pubertal sagittal jaw growth.

Introduction: Sagittal jaw growth is influenced during puberty by a ratio of androgens and estrogens. The CYP19A1 (formerly CYP19) gene encodes the cytochrome P450 enzyme aromatase (estrogen synthetase), which converts testosterone to estrogen. Genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms might regulate CYP19A1 gene expression or the function of the aromatase protein and thus influence sagittal jaw growth.

Application of magnetic resonance T2 mapping in the temporomandibular joints.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to apply magnetic resonance (MR) T2 mapping to the normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk and to determine its T2 character.

Study Design: Fourteen volunteers with 28 healthy TMJs were selected for this study. MR T2 maps of all of the disks were acquired.

[Diagnostic accuracy of orthopantomogram and periapical film in evaluating root resorption associated with orthodontic force].

Objective: To test the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations on root resorption associated with orthodontic force (RRAOF) using orthopantomogram (OPG) and periapical film, through comparing with assessments with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is considered as the gold standard.

Methods: Before and after treatment, OPG, periapical film, CBCT images of 121 upper anterior teeth in 32 orthodontic patients were obtained. Blind evaluation of RRAOF was performed according to Levander and Malmgren's method by three trained radiographers through examining three kinds of images of these teeth.

[The centric relation-maximum intercuspation discrepancy in adult angle's class II pretreatment patients].

Objective: This study investigates the differences in condylar position between centric relation (CR) and maximum intercuspation (MI) in Angle's Class II orthodontic patients before treatment.

Methods: 80 cases, who were Angle's Class II pretreatment patients, and 50 cases, who were normal(ideal) occlusion were accepted. Dental casts were mounted on Panadent articulator with CR bite record, taken by bilateral manipulation and load testing.

[The measurement of utility value for skeletal malocclusion].

Objective: To measure the utility value of different skeletal malocclusion for patients receiving orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Utility value of different skeletal malocclusion for patients was measured by rating scale and time trade-off.

Results: The youth group had higher utility values than adult group for skeletal malocclusion Class II (protruding facial type) with median mandibular angle.