Induction of perineural invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by circular RNA RNF111.

Objective: Local recurrence, distant metastasis, and perineural invasion (PNI) viciously occur in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), resulting in a poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which circular RNA RNF111 (circ-RNF111) regulates PNI in SACC by targeting the miR-361-5p/high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) axis.

Method: Circ-RNF111 and HMGB2 were highly expressed in SACC specimens, while miR-361-5p was underexpressed.

Astilbin lowers the effective caffeine dose for decreasing lipid accumulation via activating AMPK in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Background: Caffeine has an anti-obesity effect, although chronic excessive caffeine consumption also causes caffeinism, which is marked by increased anxiety or depression, amongst other symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether the addition of flavonoids such as astilbin can reduce the caffeine dose needed to inhibit obesity.

Results: ICR mice (n = 80) were fed with normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with astilbin, caffeine, or astilbin + caffeine for 12 weeks.

Effects of puerarin on lipid accumulation and metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice.

In order to investigate the mechanisms by which puerarin from kudzu root extract regulates lipid metabolism, fifty mice were randomly assigned to five groups: normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD containing 0.2%, 0.4% or 0.