Publications by authors named "Shurland S"

The US Food and Drug Administration recognizes the unmet medical need for antibacterial drugs to treat serious bacterial diseases caused by resistant pathogens for which effective therapies are limited or lacking. The agency also recognizes that designing and conducting clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of drugs to treat resistant infections is challenging, especially for drugs only active against a single or a few bacterial species, and that a more flexible development program might be appropriate. In this article, we discuss several regulatory considerations for flexible development programs for antibacterial drugs intended to meet an unmet medical need.

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a public workshop entitled "Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug Development" on 5 March 2020.

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Background: HIV patients are at increased risk of development of infections and infection-associated poor health outcomes. We aimed to 1) assess the prevalence of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) among HIV-infected patients with S. aureus bloodstream infections and.

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To examine the pathogenesis of USA300 MRSA infection in long-term care residents, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 1691 adult residents of two extended-care facilities from 2003 to 2007 to assess whether the risk of subsequent MRSA infection is higher in USA300 MRSA-colonized residents compared to non-colonized residents or non-USA300 MRSA colonized residents. Six per cent of residents were colonized with USA300 MRSA; 12% of residents were colonized with non-USA300 MRSA; and 101 residents developed MRSA infection. The risk of infection was twofold higher in residents colonized with USA300 MRSA compared to residents not colonized with MRSA [adjusted hazard ratio 2·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1-4·5].

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Objective: To assess risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition among extended care residents focusing on level of care (residential vs rehabilitation) and room placement with an MRSA-positive resident.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Extended care units at 2 healthcare systems in Maryland.

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We performed a retrospective cohort study (n=129) to assess whether residents of extended care facilities who were initially colonized or infected with the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain USA300 were less likely to have prolonged colonization than were residents colonized or infected with other MRSA strains. We found no difference in prolonged colonization (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.

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Background: The anterior nares are the most sensitive single site for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization. Colonization patterns of USA300 MRSA colonization are unknown.

Objectives: To assess whether residents of extended care facilities who are colonized with USA300 MRSA have different nares or skin colonization findings, compared with residents who are colonized with non-USA300 MRSA strains.

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Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has caused predominantly healthcare-associated infections. We studied MRSA infections and overall skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in outpatients receiving care at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Emergency Care Service during 2001-2005. We found an increase in MRSA infections, from 0.

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Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of and determine risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the perineum.

Design: Cross-sectional study with follow-up of up to 1 year.

Setting: Multiple outpatient sites.

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Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is an emerging pathogen. The causal role of antibiotic selective pressure versus patient-to-patient transmission has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of patient-to-patient transmission among patients who acquire an ESBL-producing E coli infection using perianal surveillance cultures in an intensive care unit (ICU) population.

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Objective: To quantify the clinical impact of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus causing infection complicated by bacteremia in adult patients, while controlling for the severity of patients' underlying illnesses.

Design: Retrospective cohort study from October 1, 1995, through December 31, 2003.

Patients And Setting: A total of 438 patients with S.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes among pre-university students in Trinidad and Tobago on the pre-disposing factors and prevention of tuberculosis and the management of persons with the disease. More than 90% (542 of 600) of participating students from nine secondary schools duly completed the self-administered questionnaires. Two-thirds of the students were girls (336) and the rest were boys (206).

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Objective: To study the serotype distribution of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate their susceptibility patterns to the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used in this region.

Methods: A retrospective study during the period 1993 1999 was carried out at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex Microbiology Laboratory, a teaching hospital in the northwestern part of Trinidad. Strains of non-typhoidal salmonella were serogrouped with polyvalent Salmonella O antiserum and sent to the local Public Health Laboratory for confirmation and further serotyping.

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Among 1470 elderly hospitalized and nonhospitalized people, 566 cases of bacteriuria were identified. There were 663 men (41.5% with bacteriuria) and 807 women (36.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of strains of Escherichia coli isolated between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Of the 1,283 strains examined, 75% were recovered from urine, 8.7% from wounds, 3.

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A total of 132 neonatal deaths among 627 infants admitted to the neonatal ward of the San Fernando General Hospital, Trinidad over a 2-year period were reviewed. The most common cause of death was prematurity (43.9%).

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During a 12-month period (January-December, 1997), bacterial isolates of specimens from in-patients and out-patients of the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC) were reviewed. A total of 3,513 specimens were processed, 43.1% from in-patients and 56.

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Objective: The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens is increasing worldwide. Accurate bacteriologic records of culture results may provide guidance on empirical therapy before sensitivity patterns are available. We report the changing antibiograms of pathogens associated with urinary tract infections (UTI) over a 4-year period at a newly commissioned hospital complex diagnostic laboratory in Trinidad.

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The biotyping of 154 (3.8%) coagulase-negative staphylococci from 4,051 urinary specimens in males and females was performed. Their significance and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were also evaluated.

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