Spontaneous symmetry breaking and localization in nonequilibrium steady states of interactive quantum systems.

The time evolution of a physical system is generally described by a differential equation, which can be solved numerically by adopting a difference scheme with space-time discretization. This discretization, as a numerical artifact, results in accumulated errors during evolution and thus usually plays a negative role in simulations. In a quantum circuit, however, the "evolution time" is represented by the depth of the circuit layer, and thus is intrinsically discrete.