Global epidemiology of early-onset liver cancer attributable to specific aetiologies and risk factors from 2010 to 2019.

Background: Considering its emergence as a public health concern worldwide, with potential spatial-temporal heterogeneities, we aimed to determine the global burden of early-onset liver cancer attributable to aetiologies and concomitant risk factors.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 to determine age-standardised disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for early-onset liver cancer by aetiologies and the population DALYs attributable to concomitant risk factors between 2010 and 2019. We also calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to measure temporal trends.

Corrigendum: Accelerating Decreases in the Incidences of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at a Younger Age in Shanghai Are Associated With Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.

Accelerating Decreases in the Incidences of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at a Younger Age in Shanghai Are Associated With Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination.

Background: Routine vaccination of infants for protecting against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its serious consequences, including hepatocellular cancer (HCC), has been carried out in Shanghai, China, since 1986. We therefore have examined the trend of HBV infection and HCC incidences before and after HBV vaccination over decades to assess the potential influences of the Shanghai HBV vaccination program.

Methods: Data on incidences of HBV infection and HCC were collected from the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai HBV vaccination follow-up study.

Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test.

Early detection has the potential to reduce cancer mortality, but an effective screening test must demonstrate asymptomatic cancer detection years before conventional diagnosis in a longitudinal study. In the Taizhou Longitudinal Study (TZL), 123,115 healthy subjects provided plasma samples for long-term storage and were then monitored for cancer occurrence. Here we report the preliminary results of PanSeer, a noninvasive blood test based on circulating tumor DNA methylation, on TZL plasma samples from 605 asymptomatic individuals, 191 of whom were later diagnosed with stomach, esophageal, colorectal, lung or liver cancer within four years of blood draw.

Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated ()Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population.

Background: The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated () gene has a key role in DNA repair including activation and stabilization of , which implicates the importance of polymorphisms in the development of cancer. This study aims to investigate the association of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with lung cancer, as well as their potential interaction with gene and other known risk factors of lung cancer.

Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Taiyuan city, China with 399 cases and 466 controls matched on the distribution of age and sex of cases.

Raw Garlic Consumption and Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population.

Background: Evidence of anticancer properties of garlic for different cancer sites has been reported previously in in vitro and in vivo experimental studies but there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the association between garlic and lung cancer.

Methods: We examined the association between raw garlic consumption and lung cancer in a case-control study conducted between 2005 and 2007 in Taiyuan, China. Epidemiologic data was collected by face-to-face interviews from 399 incident lung cancer cases and 466 healthy controls.

Plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and liver in a Chinese population.

Evidence is accumulating regarding a role of micronutrients in folate metabolism in cancer risk. We investigated the associations of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in a population-based case-control study in Taixing City, China. With informed consent, we recruited cases with cancers of esophagus (n = 218), stomach (n = 206), and liver (n = 204), and one common healthy control group (n = 405).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of one-carbon metabolism and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and liver in a Chinese population.

One-carbon metabolism (folate metabolism) is considered important in carcinogenesis because of its involvement in DNA synthesis and biological methylation reactions. We investigated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in folate metabolic pathway and the risk of three GI cancers in a population-based case-control study in Taixing City, China, with 218 esophageal cancer cases, 206 stomach cancer cases, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 healthy population controls. Study participants were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire, and blood samples were collected after the interviews.

TP53 genetic polymorphisms, interactions with lifestyle factors and lung cancer risk: a case control study in a Chinese population.

Background: A pathway-based genotyping analysis suggested rs2078486 was a novel TP53 SNP, but very few studies replicate this association. TP53 rs1042522 is the most commonly studied SNP, but very few studies examined its potential interaction with environmental factors in relation to lung cancer risk. This study aims to examine associations between two TP53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2078486, rs1042522), their potential interaction with environmental factors and risk of lung cancer.

Genetic variation at 8q24, family history of cancer, and upper gastrointestinal cancers in a Chinese population.

Genetic variation at 8q24 is associated with prostate, bladder, breast, colorectal, thyroid, lung, ovarian, UADT, liver and stomach cancers. However, a role for variation at 8q24 in familial clustering of upper gastrointestinal cancers has not been studied. In order to explore potential inherited susceptibility, we analyzed epidemiologic data from a population-based case-control study of upper gastrointestinal cancers from Taixing, China.

Genetic polymorphisms of TERT and CLPTM1L and risk of lung cancer--a case-control study in a Chinese population.

Background/objectives: Genetic variants of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate trans-membrane 1 like (CLPTM1L) genes in chromosome 5p15.33 region were previously identified to influence the susceptibility to lung cancer. We examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TERT and CLPTM1L genes with lung cancer and explored their potential modifying effects on the relationship between environmental risk factors and lung cancer in a Chinese population.

Indoor air pollution and risk of lung cancer among Chinese female non-smokers.

Purpose: To investigate indoor particulate matter (PM) level and various indoor air pollution exposure, and to examine their relationships with risk of lung cancer in an urban Chinese population, with a focus on non-smoking women.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Taiyuan, China, consisting of 399 lung cancer cases and 466 controls, of which 164 cases and 218 controls were female non-smokers. Indoor PM concentrations, including PM(1), PM(2.

Green tea consumption, inflammation and the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population.

Objective: Green tea has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-carcinogenic properties. The present study examines the association between green tea drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its interactions with other risk or protective factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of inflammation and oxidative stress related genes.

Methods: A population-based case-control study with 204 primary HCC cases and 415 healthy controls was conducted in Taixing, China.

Associations between NBS1 polymorphisms, haplotypes and smoking-related cancers.

Constituents of tobacco smoke can cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to tumorigenesis. The NBS1 gene product is a vital component in DSB detection and repair, thus genetic variations may influence cancer development. We examined the associations between NBS1 polymorphisms and haplotypes and newly incident smoking-related cancers in three case-control studies (Los Angeles: 611 lung and 601 upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancer cases and 1040 controls; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls and Taixing, China: 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases and 415 controls).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes and their associations with smoking-related cancers.

Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco-related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes with tobacco-related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case-control studies from: Los Angeles (population-based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population-based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (hospital-based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls).

Genetic variation in immune regulation and DNA repair pathways and stomach cancer in China.

The incidence of stomach cancer is high in certain parts of the world, particularly in China. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the main risk factor, yet the vast majority of infected individuals remain unaffected with cancer, suggesting an important role of other risk factors. We conducted a population-based case-control study including 196 incident stomach cancer cases and 397 matched controls to test the hypothesis that adverse single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and haplotypes within genes of the DNA repair and immune regulatory pathways are associated with increased stomach cancer risk.

Association of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with exceptional longevity in a Chinese population.

Background: Longevity is a multifactorial trait with a genetic contribution, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms were found to be involved in the phenomenon of longevity.

Methodology/principal Findings: To explore the effects of mtDNA haplogroups on the prevalence of extreme longevity (EL), a population based case-control study was conducted in Rugao--a prefecture city in Jiangsu, China. Case subjects include 463 individuals aged > or = 95 yr (EL group).

Rationales, design and recruitment of the Taizhou Longitudinal Study.

Background: Rapid economic growth in China in the past decades has been accompanied by dramatic changes in lifestyle and environmental exposures. The burdens of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, have also increased substantially.

Methods/design: We initiated a large prospective cohort-the Taizhou Longitudinal Study-in Taizhou (a medium-size city in China) to explore the environmental and genetic risk factors for common non-communicable diseases.

Genetic variants on chromosome 9p21 and ischemic stroke in Chinese.

In a hospital based case control study, we investigated the association of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) gene, and two genetic variants (rs10757274 and rs2383206) on chromosome region 9p21 with ischemic stroke in Chinese Hans. Two polymorphisms in the CDKN2A gene (rs3088440 and rs3731245) and two polymorphisms in the CDKN2B gene (rs3217992 and rs1063192) were selected by using a strategy of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNP). We observed significant association of rs2383206 with ischemic stroke.

MTAP gene is associated with ischemic stroke in Chinese Hans.

Common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the prevalence of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Recently, genome-wide association (GWA) studies identified a chromosome region (9p21) that confers the risk of coronary heart disease. In a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Chinese Hans, we tested the hypothesis that the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene on chromosome region 9p21 is involved in the aetiology of ischemic stroke using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) strategy.

Associations between variants of the 8q24 chromosome and nine smoking-related cancer sites.

Recent genome-wide association studies identified key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 8q24 region to be associated with prostate cancer. 8q24 SNPs have also been associated with colorectal cancer, suggesting that this region may not be specifically associated to just prostate cancer. To date, the association between these polymorphisms and tobacco smoking-related cancer sites remains unknown.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Chinese population.

Objectives: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which is expressed in the liver, may be involved in both DNA methylation and DNA synthesis. It is also indicated as a potential risk factor of liver cancer in patients with chronic liver disease. To date, no study has been conducted on MTHFR and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a population-based design.

Serologic study on the outbreak of acute upper respiratory tract infections caused by adenovirus 3.

From April to June, 2004, an outbreak of acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTI) occurred in the north area of Jiangsu Province, China. Twenty throat swabs were collected with 13 of them presenting an adenovirus (Ad)-like cytopathogenic effect on HEp-2. These were verified as Ad by the electron microscope, direct immunofluorescence assay and Ad primer-mediated PCR.