Mapping and functional analysis of S1 subunit glycosylation of avian infectious bronchitis virus.

Glycosylation of the S1 subunit is a critical post-translational modification in coronavirus antigen proteins and plays a key role in vaccine development. The biological role of highly mutable glycosylation sites in virus evolution, however, remains underexplored. In this study, we identified nine glycosylation sites with high mutation rates on the S1 subunit of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) through evolutionary analysis.

The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Affects Abl2-Mediated Syncytium Formation.

The S2 subunit serves a crucial role in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection, particularly in facilitating membrane fusion. Using reverse genetic techniques, mutant strains of the S2 locus exhibited substantially different syncytium-forming abilities in chick embryonic kidney cells. To determine the precise formation mechanism of syncytium, we demonstrated the co-ordinated role of Abl2 and its mediated cytoskeletal regulatory pathway within the S2 subunit.

Remimazolam Compared to Propofol During Hysteroscopy: A Safety and Efficacy Analysis.

Introduction: Propofol is the main drug used to induce sedation for endoscopic procedures, and few drugs had shaken its dominant clinical use for a decade until the development of remimazolam. Remimazolam has been demonstrated to perform well in post-marketing studies on sedation for colonoscopy or other procedures requiring short periods of sedation. This study aimed to establish whether remimazolam was effective and safe for inducing sedation for hysteroscopy.

The N1038S Substitution and EQTRPKKSV Deletion of the S2 Subunit of QX-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Can Synergistically Enhance Viral Proliferation.

The S2 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) plays a critical role in the process of IBV infection. A comparison between the S2 subunit sequence of chicken embryo kidney cell (CEK) adapted virulent QX-like IBV strain SczyC30 (hereafter referred to as zy30) and its CEK-attenuated strain, SczyC100, revealed an N1038S substitution in S2 subunit and a EQTRPKKSV residue deletion in the C-terminus of the S2 subunit. In order to explore whether these two mutations are related to changes in the biological characteristics of IBV, we firstly constructed an infectious clone of zy30 using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), which combines the transcription of infectious IBV genomic RNA in non-susceptible BHK-21 cells with the amplification of rescued virus rzy30 in CEK cells.

Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus in Southwestern China for the protective efficacy evaluation of four live vaccine strains.

The high mutation rate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to the protective efficacy of vaccines. This study aimed at analyzing the S1 genes of IBV field strains isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020, assessing the pathogenicity of four dominating strains, and evaluating the protective efficacy of four commercial vaccine strains against the endemic representative strains. Thirty-two field strains of IBV were isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020.