Development and validation of a collaborative robotic platform based on monocular vision for oral surgery: an in vitro study.

Purpose: Surgical robots effectively improve the accuracy and safety of surgical procedures. Current optical-navigated oral surgical robots are typically developed based on binocular vision positioning systems, which are susceptible to factors including obscured visibility, limited workplace, and ambient light interference. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a lightweight robotic platform based on monocular vision for oral surgery that enhances the precision and efficiency of surgical procedures.

The Skeletal Stability of Combined Surgery First Approach and Clear Aligners in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Correction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The surgery first approach (SFA) and clear aligners technique can address traditional treatment defects, such as prolonged waiting times for surgery and a less desirable facial appearance due to wire aligners. However, the curative effect of the combination remains uncertain. The randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the skeletal stability of the SFA compared to the conventional orthodontic first approach (OFA), both of which were applied with clear aligners.

Three-dimensional printed titanium mesh combined with iliac cancellous bone in the reconstruction of mandibular defects secondary to ameloblastoma resection.

Background: The reconstruction of large mandibular defects is a challenge, and free vascularized bone flaps are most commonly used. However, the precision and symmetry of this repair are deficient, and patients have a risk of vascular embolism, flap necrosis, and donor site complications. Therefore, to explore an ideal alternative in mandibular reconstruction with high surgical accuracy and low complications is indispensable.

The application of a fully digital approach in the treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion: a preliminary study.

Background: Skeletal malocclusion patients have facial malformations and occlusal dysfunctions that require orthodontic-orthognathic joint treatment, while the combination treatment takes time and requires close communication between surgeons and orthodontists. Thus, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the combination treatment is necessary, and it is still a challenge. Now, digital technology provides us with an excellent alternative.

Reconstruction of Dentomaxillofacial Deformity Secondary to Mandibular Defect Using Concomitant Orthognathic Surgery and Fibula Free Flap.

The reconstruction of mandibular defects may be delayed or compromised for many reasons, especially in pediatric patients. With the growth of the remaining mandible and the maxilla in the malocclusion status, secondary dentomaxillofacial deformity is plausible. To treat the concomitant mandibular defect and secondary dentomaxillofacial deformity, a hierarchical algorithm using orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, and fibula free flap was developed.

Implant-supported provisional prosthesis facilitated the minor revision of occlusion and incisor exposure after orthognathic surgery of extended oligodontia in maxilla.

Background: The congenital oligodontia in maxilla could result in a significant skeletal jaw malformation such as atrophic maxilla and severe skeletal class III malocclusion. Since there is no referable dentition in anterior maxilla, the orthognathic surgery and oral rehabilitation for those patients becomes more challenging and less predictable.

Materials And Methods: We hereby present a new sequencing of interdisciplinary treatments, including calvarial bone grafting, installation of implant-supported provisional prosthesis, bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and the final installation of dental implants and the fixed prosthesis.

Evaluation of Mandibular Symmetry in Patients With Condylar Osteochondroma Who Underwent Intro-Oral Condylar Resection and Simultaneous Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery.

Mandibular condylar osteochondroma (OC) can result in facial asymmetry, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The authors have previously demonstrated a novel method for conservative condylectomy and simultaneous orthognathic surgery for treatment of mandibular condylar OC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate improvement and long-term stability of mandibular symmetry in the treatment of condylar OC.

Modified Usage of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for the Management of Severe Deep Fascial Space Infections in the Head and Neck.

Purpose: Although negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used in complicated wound care, there are still some obstacles regarding its use in the treatment of severe deep fascial space infections in the head and neck. The purpose of this study is to describe a new modified usage of NPWT and investigate the clinical efficacy of this system in a consecutive case series of severe deep fascial space infections.

Methods: The investigators implemented a new modification of NPWT for the management of severe deep fascial space infections.

A Modified Method Using Double Computed Tomography Scan Procedure to Maintain Mandibular Width in Mandibular Reconstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a modified template system and double computed tomography scan procedure to maintain mandibular width in cases of mandibular reconstruction.

Study Design: Ten patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with a fibular flap were enrolled. The surgeries were planned with a computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) planning method.

Evaluation of the postoperative stability of a counter-clockwise rotation technique for skeletal class II patients by using a novel three- dimensional position-posture method.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the postsurgical stability of skeletal class II patients after performing a counter-clockwise rotational (CCWR) procedure for the maxilla-mandibular complex (MMC) by using a novel Three-dimensional (3D) Position-Posture(P-P) measuring method. Twenty-five patients (5 males and 20 females) were included in this study. The postoperative CT scans of the skull were taken before surgery(T0), 3-7 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) after surgery.

A New Modified Method for Accurate Mandibular Reconstruction.

Mandible plays a pivotal role for both function (mastication, swallowing, and phonation) and aesthetic. Traumas, osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis, and benign or malignant neoplasm can cause mandibular defect. Several techniques have been proposed for mandibular reconstruction along the past decades.

An eFTD-VP framework for efficiently generating patient-specific anatomically detailed facial soft tissue FE mesh for craniomaxillofacial surgery simulation.

Accurate surgical planning and prediction of craniomaxillofacial surgery outcome requires simulation of soft tissue changes following osteotomy. This can only be achieved by using an anatomically detailed facial soft tissue model. The current state-of-the-art of model generation is not appropriate to clinical applications due to the time-intensive nature of manual segmentation and volumetric mesh generation.

A clinically validated prediction method for facial soft-tissue changes following double-jaw surgery.

Purpose: It is clinically important to accurately predict facial soft-tissue changes prior to orthognathic surgery. However, the current simulation methods are problematic, especially in anatomic regions of clinical significance, e.g.

[Analysis of three dimensional stability of the hypoplastic maxilla after orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate patients].

Purpose: To establish a three dimensional spacial measurement method to analyze the short-term stability of maxilla after orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft lip and palate seeking for orthognathic surgery were included in this study between January 2008 and September 2012. The spiral CT scan for the skull were taken 6 weeks preoperatively (T0), 4 days postoperatively (T1)，3 months postoperatively (T2), and 6 months postoperatively (T3) and collected.

Titanium Mesh Shaping and Fixation for the Treatment of Comminuted Mandibular Fractures.

Purpose: Treating comminuted mandibular fractures remains a challenge. In this study, we used titanium mesh to treat comminuted mandibular fractures.

Materials And Methods: Nine patients with traumatically comminuted mandibular fractures who received open reduction and internal stable fixation with titanium mesh were retrospectively reviewed.

An eFace-Template Method for Efficiently Generating Patient-Specific Anatomically-Detailed Facial Soft Tissue FE Models for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Simulation.

Accurate surgical planning and prediction of craniomaxillofacial surgery outcome requires simulation of soft-tissue changes following osteotomy. This can only be accomplished on an anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model. However, current anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model generation is not appropriate for clinical applications due to the time intensive nature of manual segmentation and volumetric mesh generation.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Hydroxyapatite/Epoxide Acrylate Maleic Compound Construction for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Defects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing hydroxyapatite (HA)/epoxide acrylate maleic (EAM) compound construction artificial implants for craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Computed tomography, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and three-dimensional reconstruction, as well as rapid prototyping were performed in 12 patients between 2008 and 2013. The customized HA/EAM compound artificial implants were manufactured through selective laser sintering using a rapid prototyping machine into the exact geometric shapes of the defect.

A Modified Method of Proximal Segment Alignment After Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy for Patients With Mandibular Asymmetry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a modified method of aligning the proximal segment after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSO) in the treatment of patients with facial asymmetry.

Patients And Methods: Eleven patients with mandibular excess and facial asymmetries were enrolled in this prospective study. The surgery was planned according to a computer-aided surgical simulation protocol.

Bioinformatic analysis of Msx1 and Msx2 involved in craniofacial development.

Msx1 and Msx2 were revealed to be candidate genes for some craniofacial deformities, such as cleft lip with/without cleft palate (CL/P) and craniosynostosis. Many other genes were demonstrated to have a cross-talk with MSX genes in causing these defects. However, there is no systematic evaluation for these MSX gene-related factors.

Image-guided endoscopic navigation for the precise resection of a mandibular condylar osteochondroma.

Purpose: The authors describe an intraoral approach to accessing the mandibular condyle using endoscopy combined with a navigation system and explore the feasibility of this technique for the precise excision of a benign tumor in the condyle.

Methods: The junction between the osteochondroma and the condyle was recognized and defined as the osteotomy line in a CT-based surgery planning software, and the surgical plan was then exported to a navigation system. A 4-mm-diameter 30-degree endoscope was placed in the wound with direct access to the entire condyle.

A novel method to determine the potential rotational axis of the mandible during virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery.

During virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery in cases where an overlap or penetrability occurs between the 2 jaws due to the repositioning of the maxillary segment, it is necessary to establish a vertical opening of the mandible to obtain a relatively good relationship with the maxillary segment for the fabrication of an intermediate occlusal splint. However, there are few reports that address the precise definition of the rotational axis of the mandible during virtual surgery. Here, we present the idea that the mandible's movement during virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery is similar to hinge movement in vivo and developed a method for locating the geometric center of the three-dimensional condyle using Hypermesh software combined with Mimics software.

p75 neurotrophin receptor positive dental pulp stem cells: new hope for patients with neurodegenerative disease and neural injury.

Neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury are 2 of the most feared disorders that afflict humankind by leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation. Cell based treatment for these diseases had gained special interest in recent years. Previous studies showed that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could differentiate toward functionally active neurons both in vitro and in vivo, and could promote neuranagenesis through both cell-autonomous and paracrine neuroregenerative activities.

Moving the mandible to the retruded contact position for simulating the hinge movement in virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery by integrating the plaster models.

The range of rotation of the mandible during virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery is small and may be similar to the hinge movement of the mandible. This current study offers a new method to move the mandible to the retruded contact position (RCP), a position of beginning hinge movement, during virtual three-dimensional orthognathic surgery. During this method, a three-dimensional skull model was reconstructed from the computed tomographic images in the Mimics software.

Image fusion in craniofacial virtual reality modeling based on CT and 3dMD photogrammetry.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of building a craniofacial virtual reality model by image fusion of 3-dimensional (3D) CT models and 3 dMD stereophotogrammetric facial surface.

Methods: A CT scan and stereophotography were performed. The 3D CT models were reconstructed by Materialise Mimics software, and the stereophotogrammetric facial surface was reconstructed by 3 dMD patient software.