Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Locoregionally Recurrent Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Tongue Base After Chemoradiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed treatment. We report a successful case of NIR-PIT for post-irradiation locoregionally recurrent oropharyngeal cancer at the tongue base. A 60-year-old man following primary treatment for oropharyngeal cancer at the tongue base by endoscopy (rT1N0M0).

Chondroma Arising from the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report.

Periarticular chondromas are common in the humerus and femur but rarely occur in the temporomandibular joint. We report a case of a chondroma in the anterior part of the ear. One year prior to his visit, a 53-year-old man became aware of swelling in the right cheek region which gradually increased in size.

A rare case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa enteritis induced by pembrolizumab.

A 72-year-old male had pseudomonal enteritis related to pembrolizumab. Chemotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma with lung metastasis comprised cisplatin, 5-FU, and pembrolizumab. On day 14 of chemotherapy treatment he had a sudden prominent abdominal bulge, decreased consciousness, and drop in blood pressure in septic shock.

Respiratory quinolones can eradicate amoxicillin-induced mature biofilms and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in biofilms.

Objectives: Biofilm is thought to be involved in the persistent bacterial infections caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics against NTHi biofilms.

Methods: A 96-wells pin replicator assay was applied for evaluation of antimicrobial efficacies against NTHi biofilms.

Lateral approach contributes to shortened surgical time in video-assisted neck surgery (VANS) for thyroid nodule.

Background: Despite endoscopic thyroid surgery contributing to excellent cosmetic outcomes, it requires longer surgical time than open surgery. This study evaluates the factors associated with operative time in video-assisted neck surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy by video-assisted neck surgery at a single hospital between 2017 and 2021.

A case report of synchronous bilateral tonsillar carcinoma associated with human papilloma virus.

The case of a 69-year-old man with bilateral synchronous tonsillar carcinoma is reported. The patient complained of nasal closure, strange voice, and discomfort in his pharynx when he was admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan, in March 2017. The palatine tonsils were enlarged and the surface was irregular.

Reliable and safe salivary duct repositioning technique with partial transection and intraductal stenting: Technical notes.

Salivary duct repositioning is often performed after excision of malignant tumors or removal of sialoliths to maintain salivary function and minimize the risk of swelling or pain due to the obstruction of the gland. However, there is risk of intraoperative tissue damage due to traumatic manipulation, leading to stenosis; in addition, the small diameter of the duct also renders this procedure difficult. Recently, we improved our method of salivary duct repositioning as follows.

Pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach for cervical esophageal cancer with right aortic arch: Case report.

We performed pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach and reconstruction of the elongated gastric conduit with microvascular anastomosis for an 83-year-old male patient with esophageal cancer and right aortic arch. For such cases, a surgical approach via the left thoracic cavity is rational, and cases of pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy require a long reconstruction organ. Also, in cases of right aortic arch, a longer reconstruction route is made to avoid Kommerell's diverticulum.

A case of concurrent occurrence of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation and follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer in the same thyroid.

Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare thyroid cancer. This is the first report of a case of concurrent occurrence of CASTLE with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A 66-year-old male patient had hoarseness with right vocal cord paralysis.

Impact of the practical guideline on appropriate usage of antimicrobial treatments for surgical site infections in reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancer.

Objectives: In 2016, Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and Japan Society for Surgical Infection presented the practical guideline for appropriate usage of antimicrobial agents to prevent postoperative infections. This study aims to exhibit the validity of the guideline as a series of effective strategies for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) during reconstructive surgery of the head and neck cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery with free or pedicle flaps in a single institute in Japan between July 2010 and July 2020.

Starplasty contributes to reduce tracheostomal granulation in pediatric tracheostomy.

Background: Starplasty tracheostomy for pediatric patients has been suggested to reduce complications, including accidental decannulation and granulation.

Objectives: This study, based in a single hospital, aims to evaluate whether starplasty tracheostomy decreases the incidence of postoperative granulation of tracheostoma.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients that underwent tracheostomy under the age of 10 years in a single center between January 2001 and August 2020.

Cancer Stem Cells in Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), which is a common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is associated with tobacco and alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Underlying mechanisms and as a result prognosis of the HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPC patients are different. Like stem cells, the ability of self-renewal and differentiate, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after therapy.

A Rare Case of Thyroid Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation in a Young Adult.

Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is thought to originate from ectopic thymic tissue or remnants of the developing thymus within or adjacent to the thyroid. This case report describes a mass located on the left thyroid of a 28-year-old man. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed a number of lymphoid cells without atypia that were similar to those seen in a malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, and surgery was performed.

Synergistic Effects of Lenvatinib (E7080) and MEK Inhibitors against Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Preclinical Models.

E7080, known as lenvatinib, is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. However, a majority of patients do not continue lenvatinib intake due to disease progression or significant toxicity. To improve treatment success rates, we propose the combination of lenvatinib with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors.

MicroRNA 200b promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains a cancer with one of the worst prognoses, despite novel targeted therapies. The median survival rate has not improved for decades. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in physiological processes and in cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood.

Subjective Loudness Using External Noise Reflects the Loudness and Distress of Tinnitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Subjective tinnitus loudness has been measured using loudness matches, which compare tinnitus loudness with pure tones from an audiometer. When patients compare the sound pressure of certain noises with the tinnitus loudness, however, there may be remarkable differences from the measurements according to loudness matches. Subjective loudness (SubL) is an estimation of the sound pressure of tinnitus loudness by comparison of noises considered to be most similar to tinnitus loudness of patient.

A rare case of the recurrent surgery for cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Introduction: The cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV-PTC) is an uncommon subtype of PTC, and it is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Presentation Of Case: We describe a 32-year-old female who presented recurrent CMV-PTC with FAP. Surgery performed after the recurrent disease resulted in left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy due to formation of strong scar after initial operation.

Identification and chemoresistance of cancer stem cells in HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer.

The underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemoradiotherapy of human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to characterize cancer stem cells (CSC) of the HPV-negative OPC cell line in terms of chemotherapy resistance. CSCs were isolated through magnetic activated cell sorting using the CSC specific marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 antibody, and characterized by sphere formation capacity, immunofluorescence staining, and CSC marker expression.

A novel therapeutic approach for anaplastic thyroid cancer through inhibition of LAT1.

A novel therapeutic approach is urgently needed for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) due to its fatal and rapid progress. We recently reported that ATC highly expressed MYC protein and blocking of MYC through its selective inhibitor, JQ1, decreased ATC growth and improved survival in preclinical models. One of the important roles of MYC is regulation of L-neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) protein and inhibition of LAT1 would provide similar anti-tumor effect.

Recurrent bacterial translocation from gut and sepsis in Head and neck cancer patients and its prevention by probiotics.

Head and neck cancers are the 6th most common cancer type in human malignant tumors and treated with chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Chemotherapy during these treatment modalities leads to damage of intestinal epithelial barriers and results in translocation of intestinal bacteria in bloodstream through invasion in these damaged regions. In this report, we report two cases of hypopharyngeal cancer patients, both of whom received chemotherapy before surgery.

Alterations of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Tinnitus Patients as Assessed Using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

Tinnitus is the perception of phantom sound without an external auditory stimulus. Using neuroimaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), many studies have demonstrated that abnormal functions of the central nervous system are closely associated with tinnitus. In our previous research, we reported using resting-state fMRI that several brain regions, including the rectus gyrus, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, hippocampus, caudate, inferior temporal gyrus, cerebellar hemisphere, and medial superior frontal gyrus, were associated with tinnitus distress and loudness.

MicroRNA expression profiles of cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Increasing evidence indicates that cancer stem cells have essential roles in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo-radiation. Recent research has pointed out biological importance of microRNAs in cancer stem cell dysregulation. Total number of mature microRNAs in human genome increased to more than 2,500 with the recent up-date of the database.