Successful resection of colonic metastasis of lung cancer after colonic stent placement: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although lung cancer can metastasize to various organs such as the liver, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, bone, and brain, metastases to the digestive organs, especially the colon, are rare.

Case Summary: An 83-year-old man diagnosed with lung cancer received radiation and chemoimmunotherapy, resulting in a complete clinical response.

A Retrospective Study of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Aged ≥65 Years in Izumo, Japan: 2010 to 2014.

Purpose: In Japan, both a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) are available. Although randomized controlled trials have examined the effects of pneumococcal vaccines, few epidemiological studies have investigated the onset of pneumococcal pneumonia in general practice. In Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, a public subsidy for PPSV23 inoculation began in November 2012.

Usefulness of endocytoscopy in evaluating transbronchial biopsy specimens.

Background: Endocytoscopy (ECS) provides a magnification of approximately 450× for real-time observation of lesion nuclei. Using ECS, we aimed to evaluate whether sufficient samples for diagnosis can be obtained during bronchoscopy. We also investigated whether ECS can enable two-class diagnosis of malignant or non-malignant transbronchial biopsy specimens in real-time during bronchoscopy.

Ultra-magnifying Imaging of Thoracoscopic Biopsy Specimens Using Ex vivo Endocytoscopy in Three Patients with Mesothelioma.

We performed endocytoscopy (ECS) for the ex vivo evaluation of mesothelioma in specimens biopsied during medical thoracoscopy in three patients. We evaluated 19 biopsy specimens based on the density of nuclei and irregularity in the nuclei shape using ECS and compared them with the histopathological findings. All 10 specimens considered malignant based on ECS were diagnosed as malignant based on histopathology.

The Association Between Cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G/A (rs689466) Gene Polymorphism and the Clinicopathology of Lung Cancer in the Japanese Population: A Case-Controlled Study.

The single nucleotide polymorphisms of COX-2 gene, also known as , which encodes a pro-inflammatory factor cyclooxygenase-2, alter the risk of developing multiple tumors, but these findings are not consistent for lung cancer. We previously reported that the homozygous COX-2 -1195A genotype is associated with an increased risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Japanese individuals. COPD is a significant risk factor for lung cancer due to genetic susceptibility to cigarette smoke.

Case of Pulmonary Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Responding to Ruxolitinib.

We report a case of 43-year-old woman diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia in 1992. She was diagnosed with secondary myelofibrosis in 2011. Later, she suffered mild dyspnea, which gradually worsened.

Ability of the Glasgow Prognostic Score to predict the tolerability and efficacy of platinum-combination chemotherapy among elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background : Although platinum-combination chemotherapy is widely used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), not all elderly patients benefit from this regimen. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate whether the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), an indicator of systemic inflammation and malnutrition, could predict the tolerability and efficacy of platinum-combination chemotherapy among elderly patients with NSCLC. Methods : The eligibility criteria included patients aged ≥ 70 years with NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-combination chemotherapy at Shimane University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018.

Efficacy of erlotinib and its effects on the quality of life of older patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective, multicenter, dose-modification study.

Aim: Gefitinib and erlotinib are efficacious and safe for older patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. However, prolonged use of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in older patients is difficult, owing to potential adverse events. Hence, dose reduction or treatment discontinuation is often required.

A Novel Model-Based Questionnaire Based on Low-Dose CT Screening Data for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis in Shimane, Japan.

Purpose: Although there have been many reports on the use of respiratory function tests and questionnaires for creating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) questionnaires, there have been no reports on the effectiveness of questionnaires using computed tomography (CT) screening data. We aimed to validate the International Primary Care Airways Group (IPAG) questionnaire and to propose a novel COPD screening questionnaire based on the CT screening data of Japanese participants.

Patients And Methods: Low-dose CT screening was performed for early detection of lung cancer and COPD since 2009 in Shimane, Japan, and clinical information was collected using an original questionnaire that included all the IPAG questionnaire items and eight additional items (for eg, on dyspnea) during CT screening.

ERCC1 Is a Predictive Biomarker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer But Is Antibody-dependent.

Background/aim: To predict the efficacy of platinum-containing chemotherapy, ERCC1 expression levels were investigated. Studies have shown changes in the performance of anti-ERCC1 antibodies; therefore, predicting chemotherapy efficacy by immunohistochemical assessment of ERCC1 is controversial.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-eight patients who received platinum-containing chemotherapy and underwent computed tomography evaluation 6-9 weeks after therapy initiation were retrospectively identified.

Clinical Management of Asthma by Respiratory Specialists versus General Practitioners: Questionnaire Survey Results Over 6 Years.

Background: In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare population dynamics investigation showed a decrease in the number of deaths related to asthma in recent years. In 2016, the mortality rate was 1.2 deaths per 100,000 population.

Comparative Analysis of the Attitudes toward Palliative Care between Medical Oncologists and Pulmonologists.

Objective In Japan, both medical oncologists and pulmonologists treat lung cancer patients; however, the difference in their attitude toward palliative care referral is unknown. Thus, we retrospectively investigated the difference in attitudes toward palliative care referral between medical oncologists and pulmonologists in Japan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with thoracic malignancy who died at Shimane University Hospital between June 2011 and October 2015.

Comparative postoperative outcomes of GGN-dominant vs single lesion lung adenocarcinomas.

Background: Multiple synchronous ground glass nodules (GGNs) are known to be malignant, however, they tend to progress slowly. Multiple synchronous lesions in the same patient which show different characteristics must be treated individually.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 34 lung adenocarcinoma patients with multiple synchronous GGNs in an Asian population.

Comparison of the chest computed tomography findings between patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and those with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.

Background: Since the computed tomography (CT) findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), we often have difficulty differentiating the two. In this study, we compared the differences in chest CT findings and their locations between cases of PTB and Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MACLD).

Methods: The subjects were 100 MACLD patients and 42 PTB patients treated at our hospital from May 2005 to August 2015.

Antibiotic-induced reduction of abnormal lung shadow in pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia.

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) involves proliferative lymphatic tissues and is reportedly associated with inflammatory disease or autoimmune disorders. Herein, we describe a case of PNLH with difficult diagnosis because of antibiotics therapy-induced reduction in the abnormal tumour shadow. An 86-year-old man was admitted for persistent cough and bloody sputum.

Prospective clinical trial evaluating vulnerability and chemotherapy risk using geriatric assessment tools in older patients with lung cancer.

Aim: In Japan, the number of older patients with cancer has been increasing. Assessment of performance status, cognitive function and social background is necessary for the treatment of older patients. The aims of the present study were: (i) to establish an evaluation system using electronic medical records; and (ii) to distinguish older patients as fit versus vulnerable or frail according to a geriatric assessment (GA) system score.

New procedure of bronchoalveolar lavage using a balloon catheter in diffuse lung diseases.

Background: Various procedures for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have been developed. BAL needs a wedge between the bronchoscope and the inner surface of the bronchus. The feasibility of performing BAL at the targeted position cannot be determined until immediately before the procedure.

Translational and Randomized Study of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists for Evaluation of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting Related Biomarkers.

Purpose We assessed the efficacy of palonosetron (PAL) in comparison to granisetron (GRA) for the treatment of CINV using the self-assessment questionnaires. In addition, we analyzed the serum levels of emetic various biomarkers. Methods We conducted a randomized study of 70 patients naïve to chemotherapy.

Varicella-zoster Virus Related Pulmonary Granulomas in Which Varicella-zoster Virus DNA Was Demonstrated in a Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy Specimen.

A 43-year-old man with malignant lymphoma who had been treated with the cyclosphamide, vincrstine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (C-MOPP) regimen was admitted to our hospital with skin eruption. He was diagnosed to have varicella, and treatment with acyclovir and immune globulin was started. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple nodules in the both lung fields.

A Low Crizotinib Concentration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Causes Ineffective Treatment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Carcinomatous Meningitis.

The central nervous system is a common site of relapse in patients receiving crizotinib, which is presumed to be associated with the low concentration of crizotinib in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our patient received surgical treatment for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive stage IIA lung adenocarcinoma. His cancer recurred with brain metastases and carcinomatous meningitis.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation without graft-versus-host disease findings.

Although rare, pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a serious late-onset complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It remains unclear whether graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is involved in the development of PPFE. We report the case of a patient with PPFE after HSCT.

Successful rechallenge with ceritinib after leukocytoclastic vasculitis during ceritinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer harboring the EML4-ALK fusion protein.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dramatically improve progression-free survival compared to cytotoxic agents. It is therefore important to manage patients with ALK-TKIs until drug resistance occurs. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a rare complication during cancer treatment and is associated with a variety of factors.