Extracorporeal shock wave stimulates expression of the angiogenic genes via mechanosensory complex in endothelial cells: mimetic effect of fluid shear stress in endothelial cells.

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave has been used in the noninvasive treatment of various diseases including musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, shock wave with low energy level showed anti-inflammatory effect and increased angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. However, the detailed cellular pathway in endothelial signaling is not fully understood.

Inhibitory effect of soluble RAGE in disturbed flow-induced atherogenesis.

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products RAGE (sRAGE), a secretory form of RAGE, plays an important role in suppressing RAGE signals that induce pro-inflammatory gene activation in a range of inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, complications of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have suggested that fluid shear stress generated by laminar blood flow protects blood vessels from atherosclerosis, whereas low and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) generated by disturbed blood flow causes atherosclerosis. Although RAGE levels are increased in atherosclerotic plaque, the regulatory mechanisms of sRAGE in the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaque induced by disturbed blood flow remain largely unknown.