Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies three distinct subtypes of pituitary adenomas: insights into tumor behavior, prognosis, and stem cell characteristics.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the second most common intracranial tumor. While current diagnostic practices rely primarily on histological testing, they often fail to capture the molecular complexities of pituitary adenomas, underscoring the need for a molecular-based classification to refine therapeutic strategies and prognostic assessments. This study aims to provide a molecularly unbiased classification of pituitary adenomas and explore their unique gene expression patterns and clinical features.

MR-Based Radiomics Predicts CDK6 Expression and Prognostic Value in High-grade Glioma.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aims to assess the prognostic value of Cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) expression levels and establish a machine learning-based radiomics model for predicting the expression levels of CDK6 in high-grade gliomas (HGG).

Materials And Methods: Clinical parameters and genomic data were extracted from 310 HGG patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 27 patients in the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, as well as Kaplan-Meier analysis, were performed for prognosis analysis.

BTK Expression Level Prediction and the High-Grade Glioma Prognosis Using Radiomic Machine Learning Models.

We aimed to study whether the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) expression is correlated with the prognosis of patients with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and predict its expression level prior to surgery, by constructing radiomic models. Clinical and gene expression data of 310 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included for gene-based prognostic analysis. Among them, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI + C) from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) with genomic data was selected from 82 patients for radiomic models, including support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) models.

Wireless facial biosensing system for monitoring facial palsy with flexible microneedle electrode arrays.

Facial palsy (FP) profoundly influences interpersonal communication and emotional expression, necessitating precise diagnostic and monitoring tools for optimal care. However, current electromyography (EMG) systems are limited by their bulky nature, complex setups, and dependence on skilled technicians. Here we report an innovative biosensing approach that utilizes a PEDOT:PSS-modified flexible microneedle electrode array (P-FMNEA) to overcome the limitations of existing EMG devices.

Clinically Translatable Solid-State Dye for NIR-II Imaging of Medical Devices.

Medical devices are commonly implanted underneath the skin, but how to real-time noninvasively monitor their migration, integrity, and biodegradation in human body is still a formidable challenge. Here, the study demonstrates that benzyl violet 4B (BV-4B), a main component in the FDA-approved surgical suture, is found to produce fluorescence signal in the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700-900 nm) in polar solutions, whereas BV-4B self-assembles into highly crystalline aggregates upon a formation of ultrasmall nanodots and can emit strong fluorescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) with a dramatic bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum of ≈200 nm. Intriguingly, BV-4B-involved suture knots underneath the skin can be facilely monitored during the whole degradation process in vivo, and the rupture of the customized BV-4B-coated silicone catheter is noninvasively diagnosed by NIR-II imaging.

Soft and stretchable organic bioelectronics for continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during microsurgery.

In microneurosurgery, it is crucial to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the nerve through continuous intraoperative identification of neural anatomy. To this end, here we report the development of a translatable system leveraging soft and stretchable organic-electronic materials for continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. The system uses conducting polymer electrodes with low impedance and low modulus to record near-field action potentials continuously during microsurgeries, offers higher signal-to-noise ratios and reduced invasiveness when compared with handheld clinical probes for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and can be multiplexed, allowing for the precise localization of the target nerve in the absence of anatomical landmarks.

Identification of distinct tumor cell patterns with single-cell RNA sequencing integrating primary lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis tumor.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of lung cancer and is often accompanied by brain metastasis (BM). The heterogeneity of the tumor renders all current conventional treatments less effective. This study aims to dissect tumor cell heterogeneity and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Treatments for brain metastases from EGFR/ALK-negative/unselected NSCLC: A network meta-analysis.

More clinical evidence is needed regarding the relative priority of treatments for brain metastases (BMs) from EGFR/ALK-negative/unselected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched.

Identification and gene expression profiling of human gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma stem cells.

Background: Gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma is a major subtype of pituitary adenoma in the sellar region, but it is rarely involved in the hypersecretion of hormones into blood; thus, it is commonly regarded as "non-functioning." Its tumorigenic mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify human gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma stem cells (hPASCs) and explore the underlying gene expression profiles.

Surgical Experience of Transcranial Approaches to Large-to-Giant Pituitary Adenomas in Knosp Grade 4.

Pituitary adenomas in Knosp grade 4 are difficult to resect completely and are generally involved in poor prognosis, because of the close relationship between the tumor and internal carotid. In this study, the authors retrospectively reviewed the outcome of different transcranial approaches in the management of large-to-giant pituitary adenomas in Knosp grade 4. A total of 42 patients with large-to-giant pituitary adenomas in Knosp grade 4, who underwent craniotomy in the Pituitary Disease Subdivision, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, between March 2012 and March 2015 were included in this study.

CPNE3 regulates the cell proliferation and apoptosis in human Glioblastoma via the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Even with decades of intensive study, the signaling regulative network of the progression of Glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear, a deeper understanding of the molecular crosstalk with pathways in GBM is needed to identify new potential targets for treatment. Copine-3 (CPNE3) was a member of a Ga2+ -dependent phospholipid-binding protein and was reported to play a role in multiple cancers. To investigate the expression of CPNE3 in GBM, we applied bioinformatic analysis and clinical samples validation.

CTLA4-Mediated Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma is Associated with the Infiltration of Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Purpose: CTLA4, the immune checkpoint, has been widely reported to contribute to immune evasion in anti-tumor activity. The inhibitors of CTLA4 provide a novel strategy to improve the outcome of peripheral cancer, but their clinical effects are limited in glioblastoma (GBM), thus the comprehensive role of CTLA4 needs to be addressed.

Patients And Methods: A total of 471 GBM cases were enrolled in this study from 5 cohorts.

Consistency of pituitary adenomas: Amounts of collagen types I and III and the predictive value of T2WI MRI.

Pituitary adenomas, the most common type of lesion in the sellar region, rank third among all brain tumors, with an incidence of 73-94 cases per 100,000 individuals. Due to its high resolution, MRI is highly efficient in brain imaging and has emerged as the most appropriate method for tumor consistency evaluation. The present study aimed to assess the levels of collagen types I and III in pituitary adenomas with different consistencies and to determine the value of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) MRI for predicting tumor consistency.

MicroRNA-935 Directly Targets FZD6 to Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma and Correlate to Glioma Malignancy and Prognosis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in human glioblastoma (GB). MiR-935 has been reported to have both tumor-inhibiting and tumorigenesis effects, but its role in GB remains unclear. Because of the high mortality and morbidity associated with the malignancy of GB, a deeper understanding of the molecular crosstalk that occurs in GB is needed to identify new potential targets for treatment.

Identification of a Glycolysis-Related LncRNA Signature to Predict Survival in Diffuse Glioma Patients.

Glycolysis refers to one of the critical phenotypes of tumor cells, regulating tumor cell phenotypes and generating sufficient energy for glioma cells. A range of noticeable genes [such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), phosphatase, and tensin homolog (PTEN), or Ras] overall impact cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle, and metastasis through glycolysis. Moreover, long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are increasingly critical to disease progression.

Targeted exome sequencing for the identification of common mutational signatures and potential driver mutations for brain metastases and prognosis.

Brain metastases (BMs) are malignancies in the central nervous system with poor prognosis. Genetic landscapes of the primary tumor sites have been extensively profiled; however, mutations associated with BMs are poorly understood. In the present study, target exome sequencing of 560 cancer-associated genes in samples from 52 patients with brain metastasis from various primary sites was performed.

Comprehensive analysis of the immunological landscape of pituitary adenomas: implications of immunotherapy for pituitary adenomas.

Purposes: Immunotherapies for solid tumor are gaining traction in the clinic, however, the immunological landscape of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is not well defined. In the present study, we used the RNA-seq data of PAs to investigate the impact of immunological landscape on clinical features of pituitary adenomas and aim to evaluate the potential immunotherapy for PAs.

Methods: We analyzed tumor-infiltrating immune cells in 115 PA samples using RNA-seq.

A Novel Imaging Grading Biomarker for Predicting Hearing Loss in Acoustic Neuromas.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate an imaging biomarker based on contrast enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the hearing loss related to acoustic neuromas (AN).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 441 acoustic neuromas treated with microsurgery were included. The diagnostic and follow-up MRI and audiometry of these patients were compared.

Predicting the likelihood of early recurrence based on mRNA sequencing of pituitary adenomas.

Background: There is no comprehensive and objective method existing for predicting early recurrence of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The most advanced gene sequencing technology can be applied to build a prognostic model that can effectively predict early recurrence of PAs.

Methods: In this study, using mRNA-Seq data, the corresponding postoperative early recurrence status, and other clinical features of 107 PA samples were obtained and randomly divided into the training and validation groups.

The Jugular Process: A Key Anatomical Landmark for Approaches to the Jugular Foramen.

Objective: To describe the morphology and anatomical relationship of the jugular process (JP) and to elucidate its utility as a surgical landmark in the lateraland posterior lateral approaches to the jugular foramen.

Materials And Methods: Eight dry adult skulls and 10 silicon-injected cadaver heads were used for this study. The distances to selected structures and the thickness of the JP at 3 selected sites were measured.

Anatomic Alert: Spinal accessory nerve traversing a fenestrated internal jugular vein.

We present a case of the spinal accessory nerve traversing a fenestrated internal jugular vein. Awareness of this variant may be important in neurosurgical procedures that involve upper cervical exposures.

Indications and Safety of the Zygomatic Osteotomy in Middle Cranial Fossa Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Review.

 Zygomatic osteotomy, an adjunct to middle cranial fossa (MCF) surgical approaches, improves the superior-inferior angle of approach and minimizes temporal lobe retraction. However, a decision-making algorithm for selective use of the zygomatic osteotomy and the impact of the zygomatic osteotomy on surgical complications have not been well documented.  We described an algorithm for deciding whether to use a zygomatic osteotomy in MCF surgery and evaluated complications associated with a zygomatic osteotomy.

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle: A Cadaveric Study of a Key Surgical Landmark in the Posterior and Lateral Approaches to the Jugular Foramen.

Objective: The rectus capitis lateralis (RCL) is a small cervical muscle that arises from the transverse process of C1 and is intimately related to the jugular process and jugular foramen. We describe its morphology, neurovascular relationships, and its utility as one of the key surgical landmarks in approaches to the jugular foramen.

Methods: Eight cadaveric heads were used to perform far-lateral and transmastoid approaches to the jugular foramen.

Application of Dextroscope in a Rare Type of Angiomatous Meningioma Characterized With Coral-Like Vessels.

A 43-year-old female diagnosed with meningioma was admitted to our department. Preoperative imaging revealed a spherical lesion located in the sphenoid ridge with obvious enhancement and inhomogeneous density into 3 layers on magnetic resonance (MR) images, coral-like vessel images inside the tumor was obtained after the raw computed tomography angiography data were imported into the Dextroscope virtual-reality system. Due to her progressive headache and visual deterioration, surgery was performed after comprehensive study in the Dextroscope system, details about the correlation among skull base, lesion, branches of internal carotid artery, and vessels inside the tumor were well demonstrated in this system.