[Soil health evaluation of non-grain cultivated land: A case study of Dongwu Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China].

Non-grain utilization of cultivated land threatens farmland ecological environment and soil health, which restricts grain production. To identify the key obstacle factors of cultivated soil under non-grain utilization, explore the changes of soil quality and function, and evaluate the effects of non-grain utilization on the health of farmland soil, we evaluated soil health of farmland under different non-grain utilization types (vegetables, bamboo-abandoned, nursery-grown plant-abandoned, nursery-grown plant-rice) by soil quality index and soil multifunctionality index method combined with sensitivity and resistance approaches. The results showed that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (TN) in the bamboo-abandoned soil were 95.

[Soil health evaluation of loquat orchard based on soil quality index method].

Fruit quality and yield in orchards will decrease after long-term planting. To analyze the changes of soil quality under different planting years and identify the key factors of the declining of orchard soil quality could provide scientific foundation for optimizing fertilization management of orchard soil. In this study, we analyzed the changes of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of loquat orchard under different planting years (<10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, ≥20 years) in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, and evaluated soil health by using soil quality index, multifunctionality index, and sensitivity and resistance indicators.

Soil enzyme profile analysis for indicating decomposer micro-food web.

Highly diverse exoenzymes mediate the energy flow from substrates to the multitrophic microbiota within the soil decomposer micro-food web. Here, we used a "soil enzyme profile analysis" approach to establish a series of enzyme profile indices; those indices were hypothesized to reflect micro-food web features. We systematically evaluated the shifts in enzyme profile indices in relation to the micro-food web features in the restoration of an abandoned cropland to a natural area.

Examining the Shift in the Decomposition Channel Structure of the Soil Decomposer Food Web: A Methods Comparison.

Selecting the appropriate indicators and measuring time point numbers is important for accurately examining the shift in soil gross decomposition channel structure. Through a selected case study on a natural forest vs. rainfed arable system over a two-month-long experiment, the utility of three commonly employed indicators (fungi to bacteria ratio (F:B), fungivore to bacterivore ratio (FF:BF), and glucosamine to muramic acid ratio (GlcN:MurN)) were compared to reflect the shift in soil gross decomposition channel structure.

Effects of seasonal temperature regimes on embryo growth and endogenous hormones of var. seeds.

Seed dormancy is a mechanism that prevents seeds from germinating at times of the year when conditions are unfavorable, that is, when the chance of seed survival is low. Determining the seasonal dynamics of seed dormancy is important for exploring how plant regeneration is adapted to the environment. We studied the seed dormancy status of var.

[Response Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community Under Long-term Film Mulching].

Film mulching is an important practice to increase the yield and income in agricultural production. Soil samples were collected from four farmland sites with different mulching years to reveal the effect of long-term plastic mulching on characteristics of soil microbial community structure. In order to explore the long-term effect of soil microbial community change and its effect on the microbial ecological environment, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes in soil bacterial and fungal community structure.

Microplastics in soil can increase nutrient uptake by wheat.

Microplastics can perturb microbial nutrient-mining strategies. However, the mechanism by which microplastics affect the resource-acquisition strategies of crops in agricultural systems remains unknown. The nutrient-acquisition potential of crops and microbes was investigated under treatments with two common microplastics (polyethylene [PE] and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]) at 0%, 1%, and 5% (w/w).

[Effects of Plastic Mulch Film on Soil Nutrients and Ecological Enzyme Stoichiometry in Farmland].

Ecological enzyme stoichiometry can be used to evaluate the limit of soil microbial energy and nutrient resources. To illustrate the effects of plastic mulch film on soil ecological enzyme stoichiometry in farmland, this study collected soil with different amounts of mulching film residual and used the fluorescence analysis to determine the activities of key enzymes for the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle processes including -1,4-glycosidase (BG), -1,4-N-acetyl amino glycosidase (NAG), and phosphatase (ACP) activity. This study investigated the effects of plastic mulch film on soil nutrient cycling and supply in farmland.

Horizontal gene transfer is a key determinant of antibiotic resistance genes profiles during chicken manure composting with the addition of biochar and zeolite.

Livestock manure is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Biochar and zeolite are commonly used to improve the quality of compost, however, little is known about the impacts of these additives on the fate of ARGs during composting and the underlying mechanisms involved. In this study, zeolite (ZL), biochar (BC), or zeolite and biochar (ZB) simultaneously were added to chicken manure compost to evaluate their effects on the ARGs patterns.

Application of a Combined Homogenate and Ultrasonic Cavitation System for the Efficient Extraction of Flavonoids from Leaves and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity .

A free-of-dust pollution extraction method combined-homogenate and ultrasonic cavitation system, namely, homogenate-combined ultrasonic cavitation synergistic extraction (HUCSE), was proposed for the efficient extraction of flavonoids from leaves. Response surface methodology of Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the HUCSE process, and the optimum operation conditions attained with an extraction yield of 7.95 ± 0.

Patterns and Drivers of Soil Respiration under Long-Term Citrus reticulate in Southern China.

Soil respiration (Rs) is a major source of carbon emission in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the fact that the influence of land use practice on Rs has been widely studied, the patterns and drivers on Rs of Citrus reticulata cultivation, a worldwide land use practice are unclear. In this current study, we investigated the influence of long-term cultivation of Citrus reticulata (CO) and of CO intercropped with soybean (CB) on soil nutrients, water availability, and Rs in southern China.

[Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from leaves of Chimonanthus grammatus].

The chemical composition of essential oil, which from the leaves of Chimonanthus grammatus obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC-MS, and their possible antibacterial properties were screened. According to the results from GC-MS analysis, fifty-three components comprising 99.99% of the essential oil were identified.

[Effects of forest type on soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities].

Taking the typical forest types Pinus elliottii var. elliotttii, Araucaria cunninghamii, and Agathis australis in southern Queensland of Australia as test objects, an investigation was made on the soil soluble organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON), microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), and enzyme activities, aimed to understand the effects of forest type on soil quality. In the three forests, soil SOC content was 552-1154 mg kg(-1), soil SON content was 20.