Stomatal and Hydraulic Redundancy Allows Woody Species to Adapt to Arid Environments.

Functional redundancy is considered a pivotal mechanism for maintaining the adaptability of species by preventing the loss of key functions in response to dehydration. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the redundancy of leaf hydraulic systems along aridity gradients. Here, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g) and leaf hydraulic conductance (K) during dehydration were measured in 20 woody species from a range of aridity index (AI) conditions and growing in a common garden to quantify stomatal redundancy (SR), the extent of stomatal opening beyond the optimum required for maximum photosynthesis (A), leaf hydraulic redundancy (HR), and the extent of leaf hydraulic conductance (K) beyond the optimum required for maximum g (g).

[Preparation and evaluation of arsenic trioxide glioma targeting drug delivery system loaded by PAMAM dendrimers co-modified with RGDyC and PEG].

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective component of traditional Chinese medicine arsenic. The existing studies have shown its good inhibition and apoptosis ability on a variety of tumours. However, its toxicity and difficulties in the permeability into the blood brain barrier (BBB) has the limitation in the application of glioma treatment.

A novel doxorubicin loaded folic acid conjugated PAMAM modified with borneol, a nature dual-functional product of reducing PAMAM toxicity and boosting BBB penetration.

Effective targeting drug delivery system for glioma treatment is still greatly challenged by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intracranial overspreading of anti-tumor drug. Herein, we presented a dual-functional glioma targeting delivery of doxorubicin based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer, modified with folic acid (FA) to target tumor cell, also borneol (BO), a well known safe material derived from traditional Chinese medicine, to facilitate the BBB permeability and reduce the toxicity of naked PAMAM. The intracranial transportation and glioma targeting ability were evaluated on the BBB model and C6 glioma cells in vitro.

[Preparation and in vitro evaluation of borneol and folic acid co-modified doxorubicin loaded PAMAM drug delivery system].

A novel targeting drug carrier (FA-BO-PAMAM) based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer modified with borneol (BO) and folic acid (FA) molecules on the periphery and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior was designed and prepared to achieve the purposes of enhancing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transportation and improving the drug accumulation in the glioma cells. 1H NMR was used to confirm the synthesis of FA-BO-PAMAM; its morphology and mean size were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the HBMEC and C6 cells, cytotoxicity assay, transport across the BBB, cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity in vitro were investigated to evaluate the properties of nanocarriers in vitro.