Overexpression and alternative splicing of the glutamate-gated chloride channel are associated with emamectin benzoate resistance in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Background: The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a damaging pest of rice worldwide. Following the evolution of C. suppressalis resistance to diamide and abamectin insecticides, emamectin benzoate (EB) became a key insecticide for the control of this species in China.

Area-wide survey and monitoring of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), from 2020 to 2023 in China.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a notorious pest affecting Asian rice crops. The evolution of insecticide resistance in BPH has emerged as a significant challenge in effectively managing this pest. This study revealed the resistance status of BPH to nine insecticides in ten provinces and Shanghai City in China from 2020 to 2023.

Inheritance of chlorantraniliprole resistance and fitness costs in a field population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in China.

Background: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is one of the major rice insect pests in Asia. Chlorantraniliprole is one of the most important insecticides for the control of C. medinalis.

Unraveling the secrets: Evolution of resistance mediated by membrane proteins.

Membrane protein-mediated resistance is a multidisciplinary challenge that spans fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. Understanding its complexity and devising innovative strategies are crucial for treating diseases like cancer and managing resistant pests in agriculture. This paper explores the dual nature of resistance mechanisms across different organisms: On one hand, animals, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects exhibit convergent evolution, leading to the development of similar resistance mechanisms.

Insect neurobiology: Oviposition crowd control.

A new study examines how Helicoverpa armigera females detect chemicals released by conspecific eggs in order to avoid laying more eggs on the same substrate. This work opens new avenues for basic research inquiries and offers a potential strategy for controlling insect pests.

Symbiotic bacteria confer insecticide resistance by metabolizing buprofezin in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, is widely used to control several economically important insect crop pests. However, the overuse of buprofezin has led to the evolution of resistance and exposed off-target organisms present in agri-environments to this compound. As many as six different strains of bacteria isolated from these environments have been shown to degrade buprofezin.

Reverse genetic study reveals the molecular targets of chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators.

Insecticides have been widely used for the control of insect pests that have a significant impact on agriculture and human health. A better understanding of insecticide targets is needed for effective insecticide design and resistance management. Pymetrozine, afidopyropen and flonicamid are reported to target on proteins that located on insect chordotonal organs, resulting in the disruption of insect coordination and the inhibition of feeding.

Resistance Monitoring of to Pymetrozine Based on Reproductive Behavior.

On the basis of the inhibition effects of pymetrozine on the reproductive behavior of we established a bioassay method to accurately evaluate the toxicity of pymetrozine in and clarified the level of pymetrozine resistance of in the field. In this study, pymetrozine's effects on the fecundity of were evaluated using the topical application method and rice-seedling-dipping method. Moreover, the resistance of to pymetrozine in a pymetrozine-resistant strain (Pym-R) and two field populations (YZ21 and QS21) was determined using the rice-seedling-dipping method and fecundity assay methods.

Insecticide resistance monitoring of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its mechanism to chlorantraniliprole.

Background: The rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), has become an increasingly occurring pest in Asia in recent years. Chemical control remains the most efficient and primary tool for controlling this pest. In this study, we report the resistance status of C.

Knockout of the odorant receptor co-receptor, orco, impairs feeding, mating and egg-laying behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.

The olfactory transduction system of insects is involved in multiple behavioral processes such as foraging, mating, and egg-laying behavior. In the insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) is an obligatory component that is required for dimerization with odorant receptors (ORs) to form a ligand-gated ion channel complex. The ORs/Orco heteromeric complex plays a crucial role in insect olfaction.

Molecular and functional analysis of chitin synthase genes in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, has developed a high level of resistance to many of the compounds currently used for control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop novel control methods for C. suppressalis.

The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

Background: Buprofezin, an insect growth regulator, has been widely used to control brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asia. The intensive use of this compound has resulted in very high levels of resistance to buprofezin in the field, however, the underpinning mechanisms of resistance have not been fully resolved.

Results: Insecticide bioassays using the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide significantly synergized the toxicity of buprofezin in two resistant strains of BPH (BPR and YC2017) compared to a susceptible strain (Sus), suggesting P450s play a role in resistance to this compound.

Function of Transient Receptor Potential-Like Channel in Insect Egg Laying.

The transient receptor potential-like channel (TRPL) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family involved in regulating many fundamental senses, such as vision, pain, taste, and touch, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Yet, the function of TRPL in other important biological processes remains unclear. We discover that TRPL regulates egg laying in two insect species, the brown planthopper, , and the fruit fly, .

Effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit deletion mutants on insecticide susceptibility and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster.

Background: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in insects and also the target site for many insecticides. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these insecticides is diminishing as a consequence of the evolution of insecticide resistance. Further exploration of insecticide targets is important to sustainable pest management.

Cholecystokinin/sulfakinin peptide signaling: conserved roles at the intersection between feeding, mating and aggression.

Neuropeptides are the most diverse messenger molecules in metazoans and are involved in regulation of daily physiology and a wide array of behaviors. Some neuropeptides and their cognate receptors are structurally and functionally well conserved over evolution in bilaterian animals. Among these are peptides related to gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK).

Inheritance and fitness cost of buprofezin resistance in a near-isogenic, field-derived strain and insecticide resistance monitoring of Laodelphax striatellus in China.

Background: Laodelphax striatellus is one of the most destructive pests of rice and other cereal crops. Chemical control is still the most efficient way to control this pest, but insecticide resistance always threatens this approach.

Results: Monitoring data (2003-2020) showed that Chinese field populations of L.

Cholecystokinin-like peptide mediates satiety by inhibiting sugar attraction.

Feeding is essential for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated by both internal states and external stimuli. However, little is known about how internal states influence the perception of external sensory cues that regulate feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind nutritional state-mediated regulation of gustatory perception in control of feeding behavior in the brown planthopper and Drosophila.

Double ryanodine receptor mutations confer higher diamide resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis.

Background: The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraidae), is one of the most serious rice pests in China. Chlorantraniliprole was used extensively for C. suppressalis control over the past ten years, and some field populations have developed high resistance.

Mechanism of metabolic resistance to pymetrozine in Nilaparvata lugens: over-expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6CS1 confers pymetrozine resistance.

Background: Pymetrozine is commonly used for the control of Nilaparvata lugens, and resistance to pymetrozine has been frequently reported in the field populations in recent years. However, the mechanism of brown planthopper resistance to pymetrozine is still unknown.

Results: In this study, a pymetrozine-resistant strain (PMR) was established, and the potential biochemical resistance mechanism of N.

Monitoring and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with special reference to diamides.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a major lepidopteran pest of global importance in cultivation of numerous crops including cotton, maize, soybean, onion, cabbage, and ornamentals. It has evolved resistance to different insecticides. However, the current status of insecticide resistance in S.

Molecular characterizations and expression profiles of transient receptor potential channels in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) is a superfamily of important cation channels located on the cell membrane. It can regulate almost all sensory modality and control a series of behaviors, including hearing, locomotion, gentle touch, temperature sensation, dry air and food texture detection. The expression profiles of TRP channels have been well documented in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster.