The risk factors and prediction model for postoperative pneumonia after craniotomy.

Background: Craniotomy is highly susceptible to postoperative pneumonia, which significantly impacts the outcomes of patients undergoing such procedures. Our study aims to examine the risk factors associated with postoperative pneumonia and establish a predictive model with a nomogram to assess this risk.

Methods: We conducted a matched 1:1 case-control study involving 831 adult patients undergoing craniotomy at our hospital.

Serinc2 antagonizes pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via regulating the amino acid/mTORC1 signaling pathway.

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by the upregulation of fetal genes, increased protein synthesis, and enlargement of cardiac myocytes. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which responds to fluctuations in cellular nutrient and energy levels, plays a pivotal role in regulating protein synthesis and cellular growth. While attempts to inhibit mTORC1 activity, such as through the application of rapamycin and its analogs, have demonstrated limited efficacy, further investigation is warranted.

Development and validation of interpretable machine learning models for postoperative pneumonia prediction.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia, a prevalent form of hospital-acquired pneumonia, poses significant risks to patients' prognosis and even their lives. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for postoperative pneumonia in surgical patients using nine machine learning methods.

Objective: Our study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for POP in surgical patients using nine machine learning algorithms.

Grain-Boundary-Rich Pt/CoO Nanosheets for Solar-Driven Overall Water Splitting.

Interfacial engineering is considered an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical water-splitting activity of catalysts by modulating the local electronic structure to expose more active sites. Therefore, we report a platinum-cobaltic oxide nanosheets (Pt/CoO NSs) with plentiful grain boundary as the efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting. The Pt/CoO NSs exhibit a low overpotential of 55 and 201 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in 1.

Mechanism of Qingdai in Alleviating Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Objective: Qingdai (QD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in clinical practice to treat acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of QD remain not fully understood. This investigation demonstrated QD alleviated LPS-induced ALI in mice and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Functional Monomers Equipped Microgel System for Managing Parkinson's Disease by Intervening Chemokine Axis-mediated Nerve Cell Communications.

The complex pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires comprehensive understanding and multi-pronged interventions for communication between nerve cells. Despite new developments in nanotechnology in the treatment of PD, in-depth exploration of their biological effects, in particular, the specific mechanisms of inflammation inhibition are lacking. Herein, using the stable cascade catalysis channel formed by polydopamine (PDA), imidazole groups, and Cu ions, a microgel system comprising functional monomers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) with double bonds, PDA, 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and Cu ions] is proposed for managing PD.

Nanoparticle-assembled interconnected PbO hollow spheres enabled by PVP-driven transformation of β-PbO and self-sacrificial templating for superior lithium storage.

Lead oxides (PbO, 1 ≤ ≤ 2) are promising high-capacity and low-cost anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the huge lithiation-induced volume expansion of conventional large-sized PbO particles leads to severe electrode pulverization with poor cycling stability. Herein, a rare mixed-valence PbO with a unique hierarchical architecture of nanoparticle-assembled interconnected hollow spheres (denoted PbO NAHSs) is crafted by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the solution of generating β-PbO microspheres (MSs), which is exploited for the first time as a potential advanced anode material for LIBs.

Predicting postoperative pulmonary infection risk in patients with diabetes using machine learning.

Background: Patients with diabetes face an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary infection (PPI). However, precise predictive models specific to this patient group are lacking.

Objective: To develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting PPI risk in patients with diabetes.

Enhanced phosphorus release from pig manure by co-fermentation with food waste.

Animal manure is considered to have great potential for phosphorus (P) recovery due to its high P content, while P recovery is limited by the transfer of P from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The conventional dissolution process by adding chemical acid reagents is not economically feasible for animal manure. This study used food waste (FW) as a co-substrate for the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure (PM) to achieve the release of P.

Theoretical and Experimental Raman Investigation of Mechanical Strain and Electric Field Effects on Conductive Polymers.

Mechanical strain and electric field affect the performance of conductive polymer devices, for which the underlying mechanism should be investigated at the molecular level. This study combines theoretical and experimental Raman approaches to explore the changes in the molecular structure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) under the influence of mechanical strain and external electric fields. Theoretical calculations reveal the pronounced shifts in the main Raman peak if the conjugating length is changed by the mechanical strain, while in experiments, the peak position is unaffected under tensile and bending strain.

BiS/BiOCl heterojunction-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive assay of fumonisin B via signal amplification with in situ grown AgS quantum dots.

Fumonisin B (FB) is a mycotoxin mainly found in corn, peanuts, and wheat crops, which affects human health. Based on bismuth sulfide/bismuth oxychloride (BiS/BiOCl) composite material, silver sulfide (AgS) was grown in situ as a quantum dot sensitization signal, and a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was designed by layer upon layer modification to detect FB. BiS/BiOCl has a wide range of visible light absorption, stable chemical properties, and a simple synthesis method.

Advancing High-Performance Memristors Enabled by Position-Controlled Grain Boundaries in Controllably Grown Star-Shaped MoS.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are highly promising platforms for memristive switching devices that seamlessly integrate computation and memory. Grain boundaries (GBs), an important micro-nanoscale structure, hold tremendous potential in memristors, but their role remains unclear due to their random distribution, which hinders fabrication. Herein, we present a novel chemical vapor deposition approach to synthesize star-shaped MoS nanoflakes with precisely positioned GBs.

Circadian rhythm disruption: a potential trigger in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn), and activation of microglia leading to neuroinflammation. Disturbances in circadian rhythm play a significant role in PD, with most non-motor symptoms associated with disruptions in circadian rhythm. These disturbances can be observed years before motor symptoms appear and are marked by the emergence of non-motor symptoms related to PD, such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), depression and anxiety, changes in blood pressure, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and urinary problems.

Clinical effectiveness and safety of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading in patients with diabetes: A systematic review.

Background: The effectiveness and safety of preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) for people with diabetes remain controversial.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies comparing POC to fasting or placebo in elective surgery for diabetic adults, focusing on gastric volume, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and glycemic control.

Results: Fourteen studies (n = 1870 patients) were included.

Operando Reconstruction of CuO/SnO Nanosheets Promotes the Syngas Production from the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

Electrochemically reducing CO (CORR) to high-value chemical products is recognized as a promising route to simultaneously reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and carbon emission. The fabrication of syngas with an appropriate H/CO ratio by CORR has been widely studied, but the dynamic evolution of the catalyst is still ambiguous. Herein, the reconstruction of CuO/SnO nanosheets (NSs) with a heterojunction structure in the CORR process was reported by an in situ X-ray diffractometer technique.

Circular photocurrents in centrosymmetric semiconductors with hidden spin polarization.

Centrosymmetric materials with site inversion asymmetries possess hidden spin polarization, which remains challenging to be converted into spin currents because the global inversion symmetry is still conserved. This study demonstrates the spin-polarized circular photocurrents in centrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors at normal incidence without applying electric bias. The global inversion symmetry is broken by using a spatially-varying circularly polarized light beam, which could generate spin gradient owing to the hidden spin polarization.

[Progress of researches on the role of oxidative stress in acupuncture treatment of Parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly people. The incidence of PD is increasing year by year, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the pathogeneses of PD.

Ionic Liquid/Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Calcining Synthesis of Cobalt-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting.

The recent advancements of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the synthesis of cobalt-based catalysts for water splitting is reviewed. ILs and DESs possess unique physical and chemical properties, serving as solvents, templates, and reagents. Combined with calcination techniques, their advantages can be fully leveraged, enhancing the stability and activity of resulted catalysts.

Large-Scale Atomic Strain Defects on Palladium Surfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Zinc-Air Batteries.

Designing nano-electrocatalysts rich in surface defects is critical to improve their catalytic performance. However, prevailing synthesis techniques rely heavily on complex procedures that compromise defect extensiveness and uniformity, casting a high demand for methods capable of synthesizing large-scale crystalline defects. An innovative design strategy is herein proposed that induces ample strain/dislocation defects during the growth of palladium (Pd), which is well-known as a good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst.