Impact of Different Treatments for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation on Patients with or without Biliary Drainage for Severe Biliary Tract Infection.

Objective: Sepsis caused by severe acute cholangitis requires biliary drainage to decrease the intra-biliary pressure. Furthermore, several studies showed that anticoagulant treatment can improve the outcomes of patients with sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). There were reports examining the efficacy of anti-DIC drugs in patients undergoing biliary drainage with sepsis-associated DIC, and no reports compared the efficacy of DIC treatments when no drainage is performed.

Bacteraemia and obstructive pyelonephritis caused by in an elderly woman: a case report and literature review.

spp. are non-spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobes that are indigenous to the human gastrointestinal tract and vagina. They are believed to be non-pathogenic organisms for humans and thus are widely used as probiotics.

Pyogenic spondylitis following endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer.

A man in his 80s who had a history of diabetes mellitus and aortic valve replacement was referred to our hospital for treatment of early gastric cancer and underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Three days after ESD, the patient presented with low back pain and fever (38.7°).

Direct clipping using underwater inversion method for colonic diverticular bleeding.

Video 1Endoscopic direct clipping using an underwater inversion method for diverticular bleeding in the descending colon.

Sustained Eosinophilic Cholangitis Due to a Mite Allergy Mimicking Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Eosinophilic cholangiopathy (EC) presents with thickening and stenosis of the bile duct wall that is histologically characterized by eosinophil infiltration. The diagnosis is often difficult. We herein report a patient who had been followed up with a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis but had a final diagnosis of EC based on eosinophilia, histological findings of bile duct and liver biopsy specimens, and a review of a previous surgical specimen of the gallbladder.

A small pilot study to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a novel automated voiding diary device for recording urine output measurements.

Aims: Recording a voiding diary can be bothersome for patients and is sometimes inaccurate and unhygienic. This study aimed to develop and assess the accuracy and convenience of a novel device that automatically records the voiding diary by measuring pre- and post-void body weight.

Methods: We used this novel device for seven healthy volunteers and ten hospitalized patients.

Therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells on bladder function in rats with underactive bladder.

We examined the effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRC) on bladder functions in a rat model of detrusor underactivity (DU) induced by bladder over-distention. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: sham group (control); over-distention group; and over-distention with ADRC treatment group. Bladder was over-distended with saline (2.

What Are Factors Contributing to Improvement of Overactive Bladder Symptoms after Alpha-1 Blocker Treatment in Patients with Both Storage and Voiding Symptoms?

Introduction: To determine the pre-treatment factors related to the improvement of overactive bladder (OAB) symptom after alpha-1 blocker monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated by OAB (BPH/OAB).

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective study in patients with BPH/OAB, randomized to receive silodosin 8 mg (n = 157) or naftopidil 75 mg (n = 157) treatment for 12 weeks, was performed. At 12 weeks post-administration, patients were divided into 2 groups (good responder [GR] group and poor responder [PR] group), according to the improvement in the OAB symptom score (OABSS).

Clinical characteristics and useful signs to differentiate detrusor underactivity from bladder outlet obstruction in men with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and useful signs to differentiate detrusor underactivity from bladder outlet obstruction in men with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms.

Methods: A total of 638 treatment-naive men with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms who underwent subjective and objective evaluations were reviewed retrospectively. We divided the patients into detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction groups based on urodynamic findings, and compared parameters obtained from questionnaires and non-invasive tests.

Urodynamic analysis of the impact of diabetes mellitus on bladder function.

Objectives: To analyze sequential changes of diabetic cystopathy based on urodynamic data in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Participants included male diabetes patients who underwent a pressure flow study at Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, from April 2005 to October 2016. Patients with a previous history of lower urinary tract dysfunction were excluded.

Comparison in the efficacy of fesoterodine or mirabegron add-on therapy to silodosin for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated by overactive bladder: A randomized, prospective trial using urodynamic studies.

Aims: To compare the efficacy of fesoterodine or mirabegron add-on therapy for persistent overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms despite silodosin monotherapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia, in both subjective and objective aspects.

Methods: A total of 120 patients with persistent OAB symptoms despite silodosin monotherapy were randomized to receive add-on therapy with fesoterodine (4 mg/day) or mirabegron (50 mg/day) for 12 weeks. At week 12, changes from baseline in patients' subjective symptoms and voiding/storage functions, as assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), OAB symptom score (OABSS), and urodynamic studies, were compared between the groups.

[A CASE WITH LATE RECURRENCE OF EXTRAGONADAL GERM CELL TUMOR].

A 61-year-old man had undergone resection of teratoma with a histological component of seminoma occurring in the anterior mediastinum at 26 years of age in 1978, followed by radiation treatment to the resected area. He had a recurrence tumor in the left retroperitoneum 2 years later, which was resected combined with left nephrectomy and was proved to be the same pathology as the initial tumor. At 36 years after the initial treatment, the tumor recurred in the right lung.

Pre-treatment serum testosterone level can be a useful factor to predict the improvement in bladder outlet obstruction by tadalafil for male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms induced by benign prostatic obstruction.

Introduction: To investigate possible pre-treatment factors related to the therapeutic effect of tadalafil on bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

Materials And Methods: Eighty untreated outpatients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BOO received 5 mg tadalafil daily for 12 months. Subjective symptoms and objective findings were evaluated before and 12 months after treatment.

[PRIMARY PROSTATIC RHABDOMYOSARCOMA WITH REPEATING CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE FROM BRAIN METASTASES IN AN ADULT: A CASE REPORT].

A 28-year-old man visited a nearby doctor with a chief complaint of hematospermia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor 12-cm in diameter in his pelvis and he was introduced to our hospital. The tumor had replaced the prostate and infiltrated the rectum.

Treatment of male stress urinary incontinence using autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells: Long-term efficacy and safety.

Objectives: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of periurethral injection of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells for the treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence.

Methods: A total of 13 patients with persistent stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (radical prostatectomy, 10 patients; holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, three patients) underwent periurethral injection of adipose-derived regenerative cells and were followed up for >4 years. A 24-h pad test was carried out for four consecutive days in each evaluation period, and changes in the mean daily leakage volume during the 4 days from baseline to 60 months after treatment were evaluated.

The effect of herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene therapy of protein phosphatase 1α on bladder overactivity and nociception.

Aims: We studied the effect of herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors-based gene transfer of protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) on bladder hypersensitivity in rats.

Methods: Using adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, non-replicating HSV vectors carrying PP1α or green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into the bladder wall. At one week after vector inoculation, cystometry and Western blot assay were performed, whereas the other experiments were performed at 2 weeks after vector inoculation.

Objective impacts of tadalafil on storage and voiding function in male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: 1-year outcomes from a prospective urodynamic study.

Purpose: To investigate the 1-year effects of tadalafil on storage and voiding function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) based on a urodynamic study.

Methods: In a one-armed, prospective study, 105 untreated outpatients with LUTS/BPH received 5 mg tadalafil every day for 12 months. Subjective symptoms and objective findings on voiding and storage functions, obtained through urodynamic studies that included cystometry and pressure flow study, were evaluated before, at 3 months, and at 12 months of treatment.

Two-year follow up of silodosin on lower urinary tract functions and symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia based on prostate size: a prospective investigation using urodynamics.

Background: The aim of this research was to investigate intermediate-term effects of silodosin on lower urinary tract functions and symptoms in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) according to prostate size, using urodynamics.

Methods: A total of 70 untreated outpatients with a prostate volume <40 ml [small prostate (SP) group] and 70 with prostate volume ⩾40 ml [large prostate (LP) group] were prospectively enrolled and treated by monotherapy with silodosin for 24 months. Changes in parameters from baseline to 3 months and 24 months after silodosin administration were assessed based on LUTS, voiding and storage function.

Effect of TRPV4 activation in a rat model of detrusor underactivity induced by bilateral pelvic nerve crush injury.

Aims: To produce an animal model of peripheral neurogenic detrusor underactivity (DU) and to evaluate the effect of TRPV4 receptor activation in this DU model.

Methods: In female Sprague-Dawley rats, bilateral pelvic nerve crush (PNC) was performed by using sharp forceps. After 10 days, awake cystometrograms (CMG) were recorded in sham and PNC rats.

Nerve growth factor-dependent hyperexcitability of capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurones in mice with spinal cord injury.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Nerve growth factor (NGF) is reportedly a mediator inducing urinary bladder dysfunction. Is NGF directly involved in hyperexcitability of capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre bladder afferent pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI)? What is the main finding and its importance? Neutralization of NGF by anti-NGF antibody treatment reversed the SCI-induced increase in the number of action potentials and the reduction in spike thresholds and A-type K current density in mouse capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurones. Thus, NGF plays an important and direct role in hyperexcitability of capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre bladder afferent neurones attributable to the reduction in A-type K channel activity in SCI.

Role of microglia in the spinal cord in colon-to-bladder neural crosstalk in a rat model of colitis.

Aims: We investigated whether spinal cord microglia are involved in colon-to-bladder neural crosstalk in a rat model of colitis.

Methods: Adult female SD rats were divided into A) control, B) colitis, and C) colitis + minocycline groups. Experimental colitis was induced by administering 50% trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid into the distal colon in the colitis group and the minocycline group.

Brain serotoninergic nervous system is involved in bombesin-induced frequent urination through brain 5-HT receptors in rats.

Background And Purpose: Psychological stress exacerbates symptoms of urinary bladder dysfunction; however, the underlying brain mechanisms are unclear. We have demonstrated that centrally administered bombesin, a stress-related neuropeptide, facilitates the rat micturition reflex. Brain bombesin-like peptides modulate the serotoninergic nervous system activity under stress conditions; therefore, we examined whether brain 5-HT is involved in the bombesin-induced increased frequency of urination in urethane-anaesthetised male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Effects of Withdrawing α1-Blocker from Combination Therapy with α1-Blocker and 5α-Reductase Inhibitor in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective and Comparative Trial Using Urodynamics.

Purpose: We compared the effects on lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction of combination therapy with α1-blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor or a switch to 5α-reductase inhibitor monotherapy. We determined the factors influencing changes in lower urinary tract symptoms after α1-blocker withdrawal.

Materials And Methods: A total of 140 outpatients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia received combination therapy with silodosin 8 mg per day and dutasteride 0.

Effect of Naftopidil on Bladder Microcirculation in a Rat Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of naftopidil on bladder capillary blood flow using bladder outlet obstruction model rats.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, bladder-outlet-obstruction group, and bladder-outlet-obstruction + naftopidil group. Bladder-outlet-obstruction surgery was performed in the bladder-outlet-obstruction and bladder-outlet-obstruction + naftopidil groups.