Adolescent mice exposed to TBI developed PD-like pathology in middle age.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is identified as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). However, the precise mechanism by which chronic TBI initiates PD pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. In our present study, we assessed the chronic progression and pathogenesis of PD-like behavior at different intervals in TBI mice.

The fungal effector AaAlta1 inhibits PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN10-2-mediated callose deposition and defense responses in apple.

Apple leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp mali (ALT), poses a substantial threat to the global apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) industry.

Safety and efficiency of deep brain stimulation in the elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aims: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is not routinely performed in elderly patients (≥75 years old) to date because of concerns about complications and decreased benefit. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DBS in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using data from 40 elderly patients from four centers who were treated with neurosurgical robot-assisted DBS between September 2016 and December 2021.

Technique notes on the management of superior sagittal or transverse sinus during the falcotentorial meningioma surgery: a case report.

Background: Falcotentorial meningiomas (FM) are surgical challenges for protecting sinus, and the technique notes on the management of superior sagittal or transverse sinus are required for good results.

Methods: We improved the technique notes on the management of superior sagittal or transverse sinus in three FM patients with signs of increased intracranial pressure or chronic headache.

Results: All patients underwent surgeries in the prone position, and occipital/sup-occipital/sub-occipital craniotomy was performed.

Ambient particulate matter and renal function decline in people with HIV/AIDS.

Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of particulate matter exposure on renal function in people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA).

Methods: A total of 37 739 repeated measurements were conducted on eGFR levels, serum creatinine (Scr), and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in 6958 PWHAs. The relationship between 1 and 28 day moving averages of particulate matter concentrations with Scr and eGFR was assessed using linear mixed-effects models.

Mechanism Study of the Polymerization of Polyamide 56: Reaction Kinetics and Process Parameters.

Polyamide 56 (PA56) has gained significant attention in the academic field due to its remarkable mechanical and thermal properties as a highly efficient and versatile biobased material. Its superior moisture absorption property also makes it a unique advantage in the realm of fiber textiles. However, despite extensive investigations on PA56's molecular and aggregate state structure, as well as processing modifications, little attention has been paid to its polymerization mechanism.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with glioblastoma: A review of survival analysis of 1674 patients based on SEER database.

Background: To fully understand the clinical features and prognosis of Glioblastoma (GBM), we extracted the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and performed a series of analyses.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1674 patients with GBM obtained from the SEER database from 1983 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate the survival rate, and the log-rank test was used to analyze the survival outcomes.

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Copolymer Consisting of Polyamide 1210 and Reactive Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame-Retardant.

The thermal stability and reactivity of organophosphorus flame-retardants play a critical role in synthesizing copolymerized flame-retardant polyamides. Herein, this work successfully synthesizes a flame-retardant CEPPA-DDA salt (CDS) with both good thermal stability and high reactivity by reacting 2-carboxyethyl phenyl phosphonic acid (CEPPA) with 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA). Flame-retardant polyamide 1210 (FRPA) is further prepared by copolymerizing the CDS, DDA, and sebacic acid (SEA).

A Unique NiOOH@FeOOH Heteroarchitecture for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Saline Water.

The development of highly efficient non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in low-grade or saline water is currently of great importance for the large-scale production of hydrogen. In this study, by using an electrochemical activation pretreatment, metal oxy(hydroxide) nanosheet structures derived from self-supported nickel-iron phosphide and nitride nanoarrays grown on Ni foam are successfully fabricated for OER catalysis in saline water. It is demonstrated that the different NiOOH and NiOOH@FeOOH (NiOOH grown on FeOOH) structures are generated from nickel-iron nitride and phosphide, respectively, after electrochemical activation.

Structural and Functional Alterations of Substantia Nigra and Associations With Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Backgrounds: Although there are a certain number of studies dedicated to the disturbances of the dopaminergic system induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI), the associations of abnormal dopaminergic systems with post-traumatic anxiety and depressive disorders and their underlying mechanisms have not been clarified yet. In the midbrain, dopaminergic neurons are mainly situated in the substantia nigra (SN) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Thus, we selected SN and VTA as regions of interest and performed a seed-based global correlation to evaluate the altered functional connectivity throughout the dopaminergic system post-TBI.

A Modified Power-on Programming Method after Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using a modified power-on programming method in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 151 PD patients with bilateral robot-assisted DBS surgery from July 2017 to June 2020. Ninety-seven patients were adopted to the modified power-on programming method (Group I) and 54 patients were adopted to the traditional power-on programming method (Group II).

Sublayer Stable Fe Dopant in Porous Pd Metallene Boosts Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Engineering the morphology and electronic properties simultaneously of emerging metallene materials is an effective strategy for enhancing their performance as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Herein, a highly efficient and stable ORR electrocatalyst, Fe-doped ultrathin porous Pd metallene (Fe-Pd UPM) composed of a few layers of 2D atomic metallene layers, was synthesized using a simple one pot wet-chemical method and characterized. Fe-Pd UPM was measured to have enhanced ORR activity compared to undoped Pd metallene.

Theoretical Screening of Transition Metal Doped Defective MoS as Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO Conversion to CH.

CO is a key intermediate during electrochemical CO conversion. The deep reduction of CO to value-added chemical products is a crucial strategy for effective carbon utilization. Single transition metal atoms supported by two-dimensional material present a novel paragon for various catalytic reactions.

Family Policy Awareness and Marital Intentions: A National Survey Experimental Study.

Despite extensively examining the effects of family policies on marriage and fertility rates, previous research has paid little attention to the process of policy implementation and has implicitly assumed that individuals are fully aware of the policy information when making marital and fertility decisions. Challenging this assumption, we theorize policy awareness as an important mechanism for understanding the potential influence of family policies on individuals' marital intentions, an understudied yet crucial determinant of family formation behavior. In an experiment using a national survey of young unmarried individuals in Japan, respondents were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.

Association of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms with Memory Function following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: Memory impairment and mood disorders are among the most troubling sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The relationships between comorbid psychiatric disorders and memory function have not been well illustrated. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms with memory function following TBI.

Social Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Immigrants in Japan.

Social capital in immigrants has drawn considerable attention from social scientists. Previous studies have paid attention to how immigrants' bonding social capital (defined as social networks with co-ethnic residents) and bridging social capital (defined as social networks with native residents) are associated with their economic achievement. However, little attention has been paid to immigrants' different social capital's effects on psychological well-being.

Youth mental health before and after the control of the coronavirus disease 2019: A nationally representative cohort study of Chinese college students.

Background: To investigate youth mental health changes over the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using a national probability sample and longitudinal design.

Methods: A representative sample of 4918 Chinese college students were surveyed during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic for the first wave and after the new cases steadily declined for the second wave. Mental health was measured by the ten-question Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10).

Atomically dispersed Lewis acid sites boost 2-electron oxygen reduction activity of carbon-based catalysts.

Elucidating the structure-property relationship is crucial for the design of advanced electrocatalysts towards the production of hydrogen peroxide (HO). In this work, we theoretically and experimentally discovered that atomically dispersed Lewis acid sites (octahedral M-O species, M = aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga)) regulate the electronic structure of adjacent carbon catalyst sites. Density functional theory calculation predicts that the octahedral M-O with strong Lewis acidity regulates the electronic distribution of the adjacent carbon site and thus optimizes the adsorption and desorption strength of reaction intermediate (*OOH).

A comparative study of asleep and awake deep brain stimulation robot-assisted surgery for Parkinson's disease.

To compare the differences between asleep and awake robot-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson's Disease (PD), we conducted this retrospective cohort study included 153 PD patients undergoing bilateral robot-assisted DBS from June 2017 to August 2019, of which 58 cases were performed under general anesthesia (GA) and 95 cases under local anesthesia (LA). Procedure duration, stimulation parameters, electrode implantation accuracy, intracranial air, intraoperative electrophysiological signal length, complications, and Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) measurements were recorded and compared. The clinical evaluation was conducted by two raters who were blinded to the choice of anesthesia.

Correction to: Recent advances of the regulation roles of MicroRNA in glioblastoma.

The authors would like to update the affiliations and email addresses of the original publication as given in this correction.

Recent advances of the regulation roles of MicroRNA in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant neural tumors, and patients with GBM often die soon after the onset. The pathogenesis of GBM is very complicated, and there is no effective treatment for GBM. The current research results show that a variety of microRNA (miRNA) are involved in the regulation of GBM occurrence and development through specific signal pathways.

Assessment of Deep Brain Stimulation Implantation Surgery: A Practical Scale.

Background: Patients requiring deep brain stimulation (DBS) will undergo extensive preoperative and postoperative evaluations. However, the field lacks a robust scoring system for quantifying the outcomes of DBS surgery. We sought to determine whether a practical scale could assess the outcomes of DBS surgery and the clinical significance.

Comparison of Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery on Parkinson Disease-Related Pain.

Objective: To analyze and compare the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) and globus pallidus internus (GPi)-DBS on Parkinson disease (PD)-related pain.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 64 patients (28 who underwent GPi-DBS and 36 who underwent STN-DBS) with PD-related pain in our hospital between January 2017 and July 2019. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain preoperatively and 4 months after operation, and the unified PD scale III (UPDRS-III) was completed simultaneously to assess motor symptoms.

Does Immigrant Generation Matter? Re-examining the Ethnic Density Effects on Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in Britain.

In this study, we extend previous research by re-examining the ethnic density effects on mental health of British ethnic minorities and exploring how the relationship varies across generations at a lower geographic scale Lower Super Output Areas (official census geographical classification designed for the consistent reporting of local statistics). We used random intercept logistic multilevel models to analyze the second wave (2010-2011) of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). The results show that after controlling for neighborhood deprivation, respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, duration of stay in a neighborhood and moving preference, ethnic concentration has a detrimental effect on mental health for Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, black Caribbeans and black Africans.