The anthropological method for diagnosing mental diseases: On the theory of time structure of Bin Kimura.

Bin Kimura (1931-2021), the Japanese anthropological psychopathologist and philosopher, attached importance to clinical impressions at psychiatric consultations in order to diagnose mental diseases precisely, and thus proposed his original theory of time structure. According to Kimura's theory of time structure, whether we live by giving weight to the past, the present, or the future can be called "time structure," and is essentially related to the way we live with others and experience the world. We can obtain some signs for diagnosing mental diseases from the viewpoint of the time structure of each patient.

Onset patterns and clinical features of binge-eating disorder in a Japanese clinical sample.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation of binge-eating disorder (BED) in a Japanese sample and to examine the relationship between subtypes of BED differing in onset patterns and those differing in prior history of another eating disorder (ED).

Methods: The study participants were 137 adults who met the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for BED. We subtyped participants based on prior history of another ED: 55 (40.

Correction: Electronic Health Record-Nested Reminders for Serum Lithium Level Monitoring in Patients With Mood Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/40595.].

Comorbid psychiatric disorders and long-term survival after liver transplantation in transplant facilities with a psychiatric consultation-liaison team: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: Comorbid psychiatric disorders negatively affect the survival rate of patients with some physical disorders. In liver transplant recipients, various psychiatric disorders have been identified as worsening prognosis. However, little is known about how the presence of any comorbid (overall) disorders affect the survival rate of transplant recipients.

Electronic Health Record-Nested Reminders for Serum Lithium Level Monitoring in Patients With Mood Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend regular serum lithium monitoring every 3 to 6 months. However, in the real world, only a minority of patients receive adequate monitoring.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether the use of the electronic health record (EHR)-nested reminder system for serum lithium monitoring can help achieve serum lithium concentrations within the therapeutic range for patients on lithium maintenance therapy.

Neural correlates of a mindfulness-based intervention in anorexia nervosa.

We examined the neural underpinnings of the effects of mindfulness on anxiety in anorexia nervosa using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 21 anorexia patients. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging task designed to induce weight-related anxiety and asked participants to regulate their anxiety either using or not using an acceptance strategy. Our results showed reduced activity in the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, caudate, orbital gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus following a mindfulness-based intervention.

Continuous glucose monitoring for detection of glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia in women with eating disorders.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability (GV), and eating behavior by measuring daily glucose levels through an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) system in outpatients classified according to eating disorder subtypes.

Methods: We analyzed data for 18 patients (four ANR, nine ANBP, and five BN cases). A FreeStyle Libre Pro® device was attached to the posterior aspect of the upper arm for glucose monitoring.

Structural brain changes in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study of gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and white matter integrity.

Whole-brain T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 35 adult women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 35 healthy controls. We conducted voxel-based group comparisons for gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values, using age and total intracranial volume as nuisance covariates. We then conducted the same group comparisons for these three measures, but this time also controlled for the following global pathological measures: total GMV, mean CT across the whole brain, and mean FA across the entire white matter skeleton.

The relationship between attention and avoidance coping in anorexia nervosa: functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated attentional control difficulties and high avoidance coping in patients with anorexia nervosa. Attention is a critical coping resource because it enables individuals to demonstrate self-control and complete goal-directed behaviours.

Aims: We aimed to examine whether attentional control difficulty is related to high avoidance coping, and investigate the neural underpinnings of attentional control difficulties in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Exaggerated envy and guilt measured by economic games in Japanese women with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are assumed to express high levels of guilt and envy. Ultimatum game (UG) is a standard behavioral task that focuses on interpersonal behavior when splitting a sum of money between two players. UG studies consistently demonstrate that people tend to decrease their inequity in outcomes, one explanation being that economically irrational decision-making may partly arise from the emotions guilt and envy.

Changing profile of eating disorders between 1963 and 2004 in a Japanese sample.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible changes in the demographic and clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with eating disorders using a consecutive series of patients who presented at Kyoto University Hospital between 1963 and 2004. We also studied cultural factors related to eating disorders over time.

Method: We completed a retrospective review of a cohort of patients using a checklist based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

The impact of DSM-5 on the diagnosis and severity indicator of eating disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.

Objective: To examine the impact of the DSM-5 on the diagnoses and severity indicators of eating disorders, we conducted a comparative study on the classification of eating disorders including subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN) between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. In addition, we studied the association of the DSM-5 severity criteria and clinical variables.

Method: Participants were 304 outpatients, aged 16-45 years, with eating disorders, diagnosed using semi-structured clinical interviews and the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q).

Differences in neural responses to reward and punishment processing between anorexia nervosa subtypes: An fMRI study.

Aim: Anorexia nervosa (AN) includes the restricting (AN-r) and binge-eating/purging (AN-bp) subtypes, which have been reported to differ regarding their underlying pathophysiologies as well as their behavioral patterns. However, the differences in neural mechanisms of reward systems between AN subtypes remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in the neural processing of reward and punishment between AN subtypes.

Shoplifting and eating disorders: an anonymous self-administered survey.

Purpose: To explore the characteristics of eating disorders related to shoplifting behavior and identify the risk and protective factors related to shoplifting among patients with eating disorders.

Methods: Eighty females with eating disorders were recruited from an eating disorders clinic. They were asked to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires on demographic characteristics, shoplifting behavior, psychological characteristics and eating disorder symptomology.

Clinical presentation and outcome of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a Japanese sample.

We conducted a study of the clinical presentation and outcome in patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), aged 15-40years, and compared this group to an anorexia nervosa (AN) group in a Japanese sample. A retrospective chart review was completed on 245 patients with feeding and eating disorders (FEDs), analyzing prevalence, clinical presentation, psychopathological properties, and outcomes. Using the DSM-5 criteria, 27 (11.

Characteristics of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in a Cohort of Adult Patients.

Objective: To assess and compare clinical symptoms and psychometric analysis of adult patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) with those with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: We completed a retrospective review of adult patients with a feeding and eating disorder assessed between 1990 and 2005 that qualified for a diagnosis of ARFID. Patients with ARFID were compared with those with AN, with respect to the demographics, clinical symptoms and psychometric analysis.

Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Eating Disorders.

Objective To evaluate some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in feeding and eating disorders, the degree of lipid abnormalities was investigated in a large Japanese cohort of different groups of feeding and eating disorders, according to the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2012 (JAS Guidelines 2012). Methods Participants in the current study included 732 women divided into four groups of feeding and eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R); anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type; bulimia nervosa (BN); and binge-eating disorder (BED). We measured the serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride in these participants.

Eating disorder behaviors and attitudes in Japanese adolescent girls and boys in high schools.

To investigate eating disorder behaviors and attitudes in adolescents, we administered the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) to Japanese adolescent girls and boys. The EDE-Q global scores in Japanese girls and boys, respectively, were significantly lower than those in girls and boys in previous studies. Objective binge eating episodes and extreme dietary restriction were the common behaviors, whereas self-induced vomiting and the misuse of laxatives were uncommon.

Relationship between duration of illness and cardiac autonomic nervous activity in anorexia nervosa.

Background: The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) is high, and death is mainly attributable to cardiac events. A wide range of autonomic nervous system disturbances may be mechanisms underlying the increased cardiovascular mortality and sudden death of patients with AN. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been proven to be a reliable noninvasive method for quantitative assessment of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate (HR).

Outcome of eating disorders in a Japanese sample: a 4- to 9-year follow-up study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of eating disorders (EDs) in Japan with that in Western countries.

Method: Two hundred and thirty-three Japanese women with an ED were followed for 4 to 9 years. We identified fully recovered women (good outcome group), partially recovered women (intermediate outcome group) and women with an active ED (poor outcome group) based on physical, behavioural and psychological indices.

[Dissociative disorder and self-injury].

Both the number of patients with dissociative disorder and that of those with self-injury have been increasing since the end of the twentieth century, suggesting that dissociation and self-injury might be closely related. When dissociative disorder coexists with self-injury, it implies self-punishment and a wish to be understood by others. Although many cases of self-injury observed since 2000 lacked traumatic experiences and were not accompanied by pathological dissociative symptoms, the patients did have dissociative tendencies.

Psychological factors influencing donors' decision-making pattern in living-donor liver transplantation.

Background: It has been reported that living liver donors may develop psychological or psychosocial impairments after transplantation, although the majority of them do not develop much difficulties. Their postoperative psychological prognosis may be affected by the way they made their decision to donate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of donors' preoperative psychological factors with the processes of their individual decision-making to donate and their family-level decision-making to select one donor among themselves.

Comparison between psychosocial long-term outcomes of recipients and donors after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation.

The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial states of recipients and donors several years after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to find out the pre-transplant predictors of desirable post-transplant psychosocial states. The recipients and donors of adult-to-adult LDLT at Kyoto University Hospital, Japan, from November 2001 through July 2003 were interviewed and examined by means of questionnaires about anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL), and the participants were evaluated by the same test batteries sent by mail three to five yr after LDLT. Twenty-seven pairs of recipients and donors, 13 recipients, and three donors participated in this study.