[Genetic potential of local endemic forms of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) on the basis of nitrogen fixation and productivity].

Morphological and symbiotic traits were studied in local endemic forms of the pea originating from Egypt, Syria, Afghanistan, and Palestine. A number of endemic forms exceeded the zoned Druzhnaya variety of the fodder pea in productivity of the seeds in field and greenhouse experiments. In order to improve nodulation and nitrogen fixation, endemic forms were crossed with the supernodulating K301 mutant marked by the nod4 gene.

[Characterization of puroindolines in the control of endosperm texture in common wheat lines with substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes].

The genetic control of grain hardness and its association with the specific friabilin content on starch granules of common wheat cultivars and lines with intervarietal substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes were studied. A significant correlation was revealed between the technological parameters of grain hardness (mean size of flour particles) and the specific content of puroindolines on the starch surface estimated in terms of starch doses. The results obtained allowed the method of starch doses to be used to identify soft and hard wheat cultivars and lines based on an analysis of a single grain.

[Chromosome pairing in wheat-rye ABDR hybrids depends on the microsporogenesis pattern].

The character of chromosome pairing in meiocytes was studied in F1 wheat-rye Triticum aestivum L. x Secale cereale L. (ABDR, 4x = 28) hybrids with three types of chromosome behavior: reductional, equational, and equational + reductional.

[Analysis of transcriptional activity of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase gene promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana].

Cloning of the Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA fragment presumably corresponding to the promoter region of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT) gene is reported. The reporter-gene construct, containing the Escherichia coli beta-glucouronidase gene under control of the OAT gene promoter was generated. The Nicotian tabacum SR1 transformants carrying this construct were obtained.

[Development of commercially valuable traits in hexaploid triticale lines with Aegilops introgressions as dependent on the genome composition].

Introgressive hybridization is an efficient means to improve the genetic diversity of cultivated cereals, including triticale. To identify the triticale lines with Aegilops introgressions, genotyping was carried out with ten lines obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale with genome-substitution forms of the common wheat cultivar Avrora: Avrolata (AABBUU), Avrodes (AABBSS), and Avrotika (AABBTT). The genome composition of the triticale lines was studied by in situ hybridization, and recombination events involving Aegilops and/or common wheat chromosomes were assumed for nine out of the ten lines.

[Meiotic restitution in amphihaploids in the tribe Triticeae].

In haploid and diploid organisms of the plant kingdom, meiotic division of diploid cells proceeds in two consecutive stages, with DNA replicating only once. In amphihaploids (interspecific or iontergeneric hybrids), where homologs are absent, the reduction of the chromosome number does not occur, meiosis is abnormal, and the plants are sterile. Gamete viability in F1 hybrids is ensured by a single division when chromosomes are separated into sister chromatids in either the first or the second division.

[Monomorphism of isoenzyme loci in natural and cultivated amaranth (Amaranthus L.) populations].

Starch gel electrophoresis was used for isozyme analysis of ADH, GDH, MDH, IDH, and ME in populations of amaranth. Experiments were performed with 93 populations and 4 cultivars. Some populations proved to be polymorphic, and this fact allowed analysis of the genetic control of the enzymes listed.

[Tobacco transformants expressing the Medicago truncatula ornithine aminotransferase cDNA].

The Medicago truncatula ornithine aminotransferase cDNA was cloned under the potent constitutive 35S RNA promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and transferred into the genome of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants. Transformed tobacco plants grew better in salinity stress, but did not differ in proline content under normal or stress conditions from control plants. It was assumed that the role of ornithine aminotransferase in the molecular mechanisms of stress resistance is not associated with additional proline synthesis.

[Analysis of storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines and waxy) in common wheat lines Triticum aestivum L. x (Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. x Triticum tauschii) with complex resistance to fungal infections].

Storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines, and Waxy) were studied in common wheat introgression lines obtained with the use of the Saratovskaya 29 (S29) cultivar line and synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. x T. tauschii) (Sintetik, Sin.

[Characteristics of the cytomixis channel formation in Nicotiana tabacum L. pollen mother cells].

The cytomictic channels in pollen mother cells of tobacco can be formed by two distinct ways: on the basis of plasmodesmata and de novo without any relation to ones. Cytomictic channels formation it was shown to be possible on the basis of single plasmodesma. It is not unlikely that special electron-dense bodies involve de novo formation of the channels.

[Specific features of T-DNA insertion regions in transgenic plants].

Experimental data from analysis of exogenous DNA (T-DNA) insertion sites in transgenic plants are summarized. Arguments are considered in favor and against the existence of genome DNA regions preferred for transgene integration that are determined by distinctive features characterizing the organization and nucleotide composition of the plant genome and the structure and conformational state of the chromatin. The main stages of T-DNA integration into a plant chromosome and possible molecular mechanisms of this process are discussed.

[A search for high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. in the lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. x Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.)].

The study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced with participation of Triticum timopheeevi Zhuk. Two wheat lines with a substitution of the Glu-1 loci of T. timopheevi were identified.

[Features of the regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids of wheat-rye substitution lines 2R(2D)1, 2R(2D)3, and 6R(6A) (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Saratovskaya 29/Secale cereale L., cultivar Onokhoiskaya)].

Regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids generated by cultivation of isolated pollinators of three wheat-rye substitution lines 2R(2D)1, 2R(2D)3, and 6R(6A) (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Saratovskaya 29/Secale cereale L., cultivar Onokhoiskaya) was studied.

[Study of dominant symbiotic mutants of pea Pisum sativum L].

Phenogenetic studies of four symbiotic hypernodulating mutants of pea (Pisum sativum L.) induced from seeds of cultivar Rodno by chemical mutagen EMS were conducted. All mutants have improved symbiotic traits, i.

[Functional and mutational variations of heterochromatic region in the maize nucleolus organizer (NO) (variation of the NO heterochromatic region)].

The following facts are considered in connection with the problem of population polymorphism at heterochromatic regions of maize chromosomes: (a) variation (1-3 microm) of the heterochromatic region of nucleolus organizer (NO knob) in pollen mother cell at the pachytene stage; (b) presumably function-dependent variation of the degree of its compaction (from a compact state in the majority of plants to a puff-like state); (c) the presence of rearrangements in the NO knob region (duplications and deletion); and (d) homozygous (in all cases) state of the NO knob. Deletion is combined with alterations in the structure of chromosomal NO and the overall karyotype. It is assumed that inbreeding and MGEs influence the mutability of the NO locus and activation of the gene set controlling cytokinesis, chemical reduplication, and, possibly, rDNA amplification.

[A study of the storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. x T. timopheevii Zhuk.) resistant to brown leaf rust].

Storage proteins, prolamins, were studied in ten introgression lines of common wheat bred with involvement of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. and five commercial hexaploid wheat cultivars. The lines are resistant to leaf rust.

[Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants: transfer of vector DNA fragments in the plant genome].

The review presents experimental data on the integration in the plant nuclear genome of vector sequences during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Main attention is given to the frequency and mechanisms of this event among transgenic plants. The factors influencing the frequency of this event, as well as the ways of developing special constructs for elimination of vector backbone sequences as undesirable from the point of view of commercial use of genetically modified plants, are considered.

[Premature cytokinesis in pollen mother cells of transgenic tobacco plants Nicotiana tabacum L].

In majority species of dicotyledonous plants cytokinesis in PMCs occurs once after completion of two caryokinesis cycles, that is a simultaneous type. This paper represents cytological picture and frequency characteristics of abnormality which resulted in cytokinesis triggering after first meiotic division in a part of transgenic tobacco PMCs. It was shown that the main process of cytoskeleton reorganization typical for simultaneous cytokinesis remained without any alterations in such cells.

[Genetic regulation of the centromere division in rye and wheat univalent chromosomes in dimonosomics during meiotic anaphase I].

Cytogenetic analysis of meiosis in the wheat--rye dimonosomics 1Rv-1A, 1Ron-1A, 2R-2D, 5R-5A, and 6R-6A was conducted. C-banding was used to study the segregation pattern of each of two univalent chromosomes during the first meiotic division. It has been shown that the division frequency of the centromeric regions of all rye chromosomes in the pair studied is significantly higher than in the wheat chromosomes.

[Specific features of vector sequences insertion in the genome of transgenic plants].

Upon processing of T-DNA, both borders may be recognized incorrectly. A number of transgenic plants containing, apart from a fragment of vector DNA adjacent to the left border of T-DNA, a vector fragment inserted irrespective of it were identified. Sequence analysis confirmed that genes located beyond the boundaries of T-DNA are transferred and inserted in the genome of transgenic plants.

[The role of microtubular cytoskeleton and callose walls in the cytomixis process in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) pollen mother cells].

We have studied the microtubule cytoskeleton structure and callose walls deposition in the course of meiosis at the cytomictic and normal tobacco (N. tabacum L.) PMCs.

[Characteristics of the cytomixis in the pollen mother cells of transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with mutant phenotype].

This paper represents the frequency characteristics and cytological analysis of cytomixis in the course of male meiosis in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with altered flower morphology and male sterility. The influence of cytomixis on qualitative composition of the meiotic products is shoron (cytoplasts and polyads formation).