The role of the CCL5-CCR5 axis in microglial activation leading to postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgeries involving general anesthesia. Although the CCL5-CCR5 axis is implicated in various neurological conditions, its role in POCD remains unclear. In our POCD model, we observed an increase in CCL5 and CCR5 levels concurrent with microglial activation and significant upregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Divergent Metabolism of -l-Trp-l-Leu in by Hydroxylation and Nucleobase Transfer with Two Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.

A three-gene cluster from was proven to be responsible for the formation of -l-Trp-l-Leu (cWL) derivatives. An strain harboring the cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) gene produced cWL. Expression of the whole cluster or genes of various combinations in revealed different metabolites of cWL by two cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Recent Advances of Photocatalytic CO Reduction Based on Hybrid Molecular Catalyst/Semiconductor Photocatalysts: A Review.

Molecular catalysts often exhibit superior activity and selectivity in the process of photocatalytic reduction of CO (PCR). However, the practical application of molecular catalysts is restricted by the unsatisfied charge separation, low stability, and recycling difficulty. Fortunately, constructing organic-inorganic hybrids of molecular catalysts and semiconductors can tackle the above problems, which can improve the efficiency of charge separation and keep beneficial active sites simultaneously.

Latex microspheres lateral flow immunoassay with smartphone-based device for rapid detection of Cryptococcus.

Cryptococcus is a pathogenic fungus that poses a threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have limited the rapid and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cryptococcus, affecting early diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed a Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) platform that integrates lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with smartphones, enabling both rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of Cryptococcus.

Platelet-rich plasma: A bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2022.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an integral biotherapeutic modality with evolving significance in the medical domain. Despite its expanding applications, a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation is essential to understand its development and impact.

Methods: The Web of Science core collection subject search identified articles pertinent to PRP applications.

Geranylation of Cyclic Dipeptides and Naphthols by the Fungal Prenyltransferase CdpC3PT_F253G.

Prenyl modification often improves the biological activities of compounds. Prenyltransferases have attracted attention as environmentally friendly biocatalysts for catalyzing prenyl modification of compounds. Compared to dimethylallyl modifications, research on geranyl modifications is relatively limited.

Screening Inhibitors of α-Amylase in Polygala Radix Based on an Online Targeted Detection System and Molecular Docking.

Introduction: Targeted screening of inhibitors of key enzymes in the progression of diabetes from natural products is one of the effective methods for the treatment of diabetes. Polygala has been proved to reduce glucose levels; however, the bioactive compounds in Polygalae Radix (PR) that have anti-diabetic properties are unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the material basis of the anti-diabetic effect of PR by inhibiting α-amylase through an online detection system and molecular docking.

Overexpression of PtNRPS1 enhances diatom-mediated bioremediation of salicylate pollution.

The accumulation of the emerging pollutant salicylic acid (SA) in the environment has gained much attention. In this study, overexpression of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) gene, PtNRPS1 in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtNRPS1-OE) increased resistance to SA pollutants. It was assumed that the enhanced tolerance was due to the high binding affinity between recombinant PtNRPS1 (rNRPS1) and SA pollutants.

Cupin-domain containing protein is not essential for the alkyl salicylaldehyde formation in .

Previous studies demonstrated the requirement of four enzymes including a cupin-domain containing protein for the formation of alkyl salicylaldehydes and derivatives. Heterologous expression of three biosynthetic genes from resulted in the formation of such compounds in high-yields without involvement of a cupin analogue.

Microglia mediate memory dysfunction via excitatory synaptic elimination in a fracture surgery mouse model.

Cognitive impairment is a common issue among human patients undergoing surgery, yet the neural mechanism causing this impairment remains unidentified. Surgical procedures often lead to glial cell activation and neuronal hypoexcitability, both of which are known to contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the role of neuron-glia crosstalk in the pathology of POCD is still unclear.

A DMSO-assisted iridium(III) complex as a luminescent "turn-on" sensor for selective detection of L-histidine and bacterial imaging.

Histidine (His) is a semi-essential amino acid and a unique key neurotransmitter involved in numerous physiological processes. An excessive or deficient amount of His in the body can lead to various related diseases. However, since the chemical structures of L-His and its metabolites (such as histamine (Ha), imidazole-4-acetate (ImA), ) are very similar, simple and efficient selective detection of L-His and its related metabolites is of great importance but remains a great challenge.

CelltypeR: A flow cytometry pipeline to characterize single cells from brain organoids.

Motivated by the cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues, particularly in brain and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain models, we developed a complete workflow to reproducibly characterize cell types in complex tissues. Our approach combines a flow cytometry (FC) antibody panel with our computational pipeline CelltypeR, enabling dataset aligning, unsupervised clustering optimization, cell type annotating, and statistical comparisons. Applied to human iPSC derived midbrain organoids, it successfully identified the major brain cell types.

A Review of Metal-Organic Frameworks Derived Hollow-Structured Photocatalysts: Synthesis and Applications.

Photocatalysis is a most important approach to addressing global energy shortages and environmental issues due to its environmentally friendly and sustainable properties. The key to realizing efficient photocatalysis relies on developing appropriate catalysts with high efficiency and chemical stability. Among various photocatalysts, Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived hollow-structured materials have drawn increased attention in photocatalysis based on advantages like more active sites, strong light absorption, efficient transfer of pho-induced charges, excellent stability, high electrical conductivity, and better biocompatibility.

Biosynthesis of the Sesquiterpenoid Malfilanol D in Implies Alkyl and Hydride Migrations during the Bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane Skeleton Formation.

The great variety and fascinating complexity of terpenoid skeletons are achieved through different cyclizations catalyzed by terpene cyclases. Here, we report a sesquiterpene cyclase (MfdS) from for the formation of malfilanol D, a member of the group of biochemically less investigated sesquiterpenes with a bicyclo[5.4.

Increasing structure diversity of farnesylated chalcones by a fungal aromatic prenyltransferase.

Farnesylated chalcones were favored by researchers due to their different biological activities. However, only five naturally occurring farnesylated chalcones were described in the literature until now. Here, the farnesylation of six chalcones by the Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase AtaPT was reported.

Competitive coordination assembly of light-degradable gold nanocluster-intercalated metal organic frameworks for photoresponsive drug release.

On-demand controlled drug release holds great promise for cancer therapy. Light-degradable nanocarriers have gained increasing attention for designing controllable drug delivery systems owing to their spatiotemporally controllable properties. Herein, a highly luminescent and light-degradable nanocarrier is constructed by intercalating glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) competitive coordination assembly, named AuNC@ZIF-8, for light-triggered drug release.

Fungal Prenyltransferase AnaPT and Its F265 Mutants Catalyze the Dimethylallylation at the Nonaromatic Carbon of Phloretin.

Phloretin is widely found in fruit and shows various biological activities. Here, we demonstrate the dimethylallylation, geranylation, and farnesylation, particularly the first dimethylallylation at the nonaromatic carbon of phloretin () by the fungal prenyltransferase AnaPT and its mutants. F265 was identified as a key amino acid residue related to dimethylallylation at the nonaromatic carbon of phloretin.

The Promiscuous Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase PboD from Increases the Structural Diversity of Hydroxylated Pyrroloindoline Diketopiperazines.

The potential of natural products as pharmaceutical and agricultural agents is based on their large structural diversity, resulting in part from modifications of the backbone structure by tailoring enzymes during biosynthesis. Flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs), as one such group of enzymes, play an important role in the biosynthesis of diverse natural products, including cyclodipeptide (CDP) derivatives. The FMO PboD was shown to catalyze C-3 hydroxylation at the indole ring of -l-Trp-l-Leu in the biosynthesis of protubonines, accompanied by pyrrolidine ring formation.

Asperustins A-J: Austocystins with Immunosuppressive and Cytotoxic Activities from NRRL 5856.

Ten new (-) and nine known (-) austocystins, along with four known anthraquinones (-), were isolated from the culture of NRRL 5856 by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, X-ray crystallographic study, the modified Mosher's method, [Rh(OCOCF3)]-induced ECD spectral analysis, and comparison of the experimental ECD spectra with those of the similar analogues. Compounds - represent the first examples of austocystins with a C-4' oxygenated substitution.

Various interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of various intervention approaches on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with breast cancer.

Method: Computer searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases from their establishment to June 2023. Selection was made using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 77 articles were included to compare the effects of 12 interventions on patients with breast cancer.