Tuning Electrode Work Function and Surface Energy for Solution Shearing High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

A bottom-contact organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is easily adaptable to the standard lithography process because the contact electrodes are deposited before the organic semiconductor (OSC). However, the low surface energy of bare electrodes limits utilizing solution-processed single-crystal OSCs. Additionally, the bare electrode usually leads to a significant charge injection barrier, owing to its relatively low work function (WF).

Solution-Processed Ultralow Voltage Organic Transistors With Sharp Switching for Adaptive Visual Perception.

Neuromorphic visual systems can emulate biological retinal systems to perceive visual information under different levels of illumination, making them have considerable potential for future intelligent vehicles and vision automation. However, the complex circuits and high operating voltages of conventional artificial vision systems present great challenges for device integration and power consumption. Here, bioinspired synaptic transistors based on organic single crystal phototransistors are reported, which exhibit excitation and inhibition synaptic plasticity with time-varying.

Inorganic Halide Perovskite Nanowires/Conjugated Polymer Heterojunction-Based Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistors for Dynamic Machine Vision.

Inspired by the retina, artificial optoelectronic synapses have groundbreaking potential for machine vision. The field-effect transistor is a crucial platform for optoelectronic synapses that is highly sensitive to external stimuli and can modulate conductivity. On the basis of the decent optical absorption, perovskite materials have been widely employed for constructing optoelectronic synaptic transistors.

Bottom-Up Interfacial Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrocatalysis of CO.

Assembling molecular catalytic centers into crosslinked networks is widely used to fabricate heterogeneous catalysts but they often suffer loss in activity and selectivity accompanied by unclear causes. Here, a strategy for the construction of heterogeneous catalysts to induce activity and selectivity by bottom-up introduction of segregated electron-conduction and mass-transport interfaces into the catalytic materials is reported. The catalytic skeletons are designed to possess different π orderings for electron motion and the open channels are tailored to install finely engineered walls for mass transport, so that origins of activity and selectivity are correlated.

Recent Advances in High-Mobility and High-Stretchability Organic Field-Effect Transistors: From Materials, Devices to Applications.

Stretchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are one of the essential building blocks for next-generation wearable electronics due to the high stretchability of OFET well matching with the large deformation of human skin. In recent years, some significant progress of stretchable OFETs have already been made via the strategies of stretchable molecular design and geometry engineering. However, the main opportunity and challenge of stretchable OFETs is still to simultaneously improve their stretchability and mobility.

Organic Semiconductor Crystal Engineering for High-Resolution Layer-Controlled 2D Crystal Arrays.

2D organic semiconductor crystals (2DOSCs) have extraordinary charge transport capability, adjustable photoelectric properties, and superior flexibility, and have stimulated continuous research interest for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications. The prerequisite for achieving large-area and high-throughput optoelectronic device integration is to fabricate high-resolution 2DOSC arrays. Patterned substrate- and template-assisted self-assembly is an effective strategy to fabricate OSC arrays.

A disinhibitory nigra-parafascicular pathway amplifies seizure in temporal lobe epilepsy.

The precise circuit of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still unclear. Here we found that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of SNr parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons amplifies seizure activities in kindling- and kainic acid-induced TLE models, whereas selective inhibition of these neurons alleviates seizure activities. The severity of seizures is bidirectionally regulated by optogenetic manipulation of SNr PV fibers projecting to the parafascicular nucleus (PF).

Solution-Processed Centimeter-Scale Highly Aligned Organic Crystalline Arrays for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

Solution-printed organic single-crystalline films hold great potential for achieving low-cost manufacturing of large-area and flexible electronics. For practical applications, organic field-effect transistor arrays must exhibit high performance and small device-to-device variation. However, scalable fabrication of highly aligned organic crystalline arrays is rather difficult due to the lack of control over the crystallographic orientation, crystal uniformity, and thickness.

Scalable Fabrication of Highly Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Thin Film by Channel-Restricted Screen Printing toward the Low-Cost Fabrication of High-Performance Transistor Arrays.

Control over the morphology and crystallinity of small-molecule organic semiconductor (OSC) films is of key importance to enable high-performance organic optoelectronic devices. However, such control remains particularly challenging for solution-processed OSC devices because of the complex crystallization kinetics of small-molecule OSC materials in the dynamic flow of inks. Here, a simple yet effective channel-restricted screen-printing method is reported, which uses small-molecule OSCs/insulating polymer to yield large-grained small-molecule OSC thin-film arrays with good crystallization and preferred orientation.

Stereospecific Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furans Enabled by a Nickel-Promoted Tandem Reductive Cyclization.

A Ni-mediated cascade to a stereoselective synthesis of trans-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furans is efficiently achieved for the first time. The mild reductive system can be easily generated from inexpensive and air-stable materials and shows a broad positional tolerance of substituents that were previously difficult or impossible to access by other methods. Facile syntheses toward new analogues of therapeutic agents (iso)deoxypodophyllotoxin are also reported.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 3a protein forms an ion channel and modulates virus release.

Fourteen ORFs have been identified in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome. ORF 3a of SARS-CoV codes for a recently identified transmembrane protein, but its function remains unknown. In this study we confirmed the 3a protein expression and investigated its localization at the surface of SARS-CoV-infected or 3a-cDNA-transfected cells.

Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation.

Objective: The causal agent for SARS is considered as a novel coronavirus that has never been described both in human and animals previously. The stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and in environments was studied.

Methods: Using a SARS coronavirus strain CoV-P9, which was isolated from pharyngeal swab of a probable SARS case in Beijing, its stability in mimic human specimens and in mimic environment including surfaces of commonly used materials or in household conditions, as well as its resistance to temperature and UV irradiation were analyzed.