Pharmacological Mechanisms of Cryptotanshinone: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular, Cancer, and Neurological Disease Applications.

Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is an important active ingredient of Bge. In recent years, its remarkable pharmacological effects have triggered extensive and in-depth studies. The aim of this study is to retrieve the latest research progress on CTS and provide prospects for future research.

A fluorescent aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles quenching the fluorescence of rhodamine B to detect acetamiprid.

Pesticide residue detection is one of the main safety issues in the utilization of medicinal plants. In this work, a highly selective and sensitive aptasensor for acetamiprid determination was designed. The mechanism of the proposed method is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and rhodamine B (RB).

GPR105-Targeted Therapy Promotes Gout Resolution as a Switch Between NETosis and Apoptosis of Neutrophils.

The fate of infiltrating neutrophils in inflamed joints determines the development of acute gouty arthritis (AGA). GPR105 highly expressed in human neutrophils is sensitive to monosodium urate crystals (MSU); nevertheless, the roles of GPR105 in AGA remain unclear. Here, we show that GPR105 is significantly upregulated in peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils of AGA patients.

Fraxetin Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Glioma Cells by Inactivating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling.

Glioma is the most common brain tumor and is characterized by high mortality rates, high recurrence rates, and short survival time. Migration and invasion are the basic features of gliomas. Thus, inhibition of migration and invasion may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with glioma.

Silencing of Gasdermin D by siRNA-Loaded PEI-Chol Lipopolymers Potently Relieves Acute Gouty Arthritis through Inhibiting Pyroptosis.

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) plays a causal role in NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis eruption, which has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for pyroptosis-related diseases including acute gouty arthritis. In the present study, the synthesized PEI-Chol (cholesterol grafted polyethylenimine) was assembled with GSDMD small interfering RNA (siRNA) to form PEI-Chol/siGSDMD polyplexes, which provided high transfection efficiency for siRNA-mediated GSDMD knockdown. Then we evaluated the effect of GSDMD siRNA-loaded PEI-Chol on inflammatory cascades in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and acute gouty arthritis animal models under MSU exposure.

P2Y receptor has a critical role in acute gouty arthritis by regulating pyroptosis of macrophages.

Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis has a causal role in the pathogenesis of gout. P2Y receptor (P2YR) distributed in immune cells including macrophages is a Gi-coupled receptor that inhibits the synthesis of cAMP, which has been regarded as a potential regulator of inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the role of P2YR in MSU-induced pyroptosis of macrophages involved in acute gouty arthritis is still unclear.

HJ22, a Novel derivative of piperine, Attenuates ibotenic acid-induced cognitive impairment, oxidativestress, apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting the protein-protein interaction of Keap1-Nrf2.

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein-protein interaction has become an important drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we found a novel piperine derivative (HJ22) synthesized by our group with great ability to bind to Keap-1 and activate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in vitro, driving us to investigate the beneficial effects of HJ22 on ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced neurological disorders in rats and underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, HJ22 significantly ameliorated IBO-induced cognitive impairment in Morris water maze, Y-maze and passive avoidance tests.

Di-n-butyl phthalate exposure negatively influences structural and functional neuroplasticity via Rho-GTPase signaling pathways.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been reported to cause disruptions in hippocampal plasticity, but its specific mechanism has not yet been ascertained. In this research, a mouse model of chronic DBP exposure was generated by intragastric administration of DBP (10, 50, or 250°mg/kg/d) for 5 weeks. Chronic exposure to high concentrations of DBP (250°mg/kg/d) induced a spatial learning deficit in the Morris water maze in male mice.

[Chemical Constituents from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Psidium guajava Leaves (II)].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate extract of Psidium guajava leaves.

Methods: The constituents were separated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (1), phytyl-acetate (2), cubenol (3), eucalyptin (4), n-docosanoic acid-p-hydroxy-phenethylol ester (5),8-methyl-5,7- dihydroxy-flavonone (6), 6-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-flavonone (7), betulinic acid (8), carnosol (9), quercetin (10), and 2,4,6-tirhydroxy- 3,5-dimethyl-diphenylketone-4-O-(6'"-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucoside (11).