Cell-Surface ZnT8 Antibody Prevents and Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pathogenic lymphocytes target autoantigens expressed in pancreatic islets, leading to the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a major autoantigen abundantly present on the β-cell surface. This unique molecular target offers the potential to shield β-cells against autoimmune attacks in T1D.

Association of a Province-Wide Intervention With Salt Intake and Hypertension in Shandong Province, China, 2011-2016.

Importance: High salt intake is associated with hypertension, which is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To assess the association of a government-led, multisectoral, and population-based intervention with reduced salt intake and blood pressure in Shandong Province, China.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) program, a 5-year intervention to reduce sodium consumption in Shandong Province, China.

Breast Cancer Population Screening Program Results in Early Detection and Reduced Treatment and Health Care Costs for Medicaid.

Context: The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program has increased access to screening services for low-income females since 1991; however, evaluation information from states implementing the program is sparse. This study evaluates the impact of the Missouri program, Show Me Healthy Women (SMHW), on early detection and treatment cost.

Objective: To estimate breast cancer treatment and health care services costs by stage at diagnosis among Missouri's Medicaid beneficiaries and assess the SMHW program impact.

Impacts of Neighborhood Characteristics on Treatment and Outcomes in Women with Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.

This study examines associations of neighborhood characteristics with treatment and outcomes of ductal carcinoma (DCIS) of the breast. From the Missouri Cancer Registry, we identified 9,195 women with DCIS diagnosed between 1996 and 2011. A composite index using U.

High Risk Behaviors but Low Injury-Related Mortality Among Hispanic Teens in Missouri.

Objective: Our objective was to examine racial/ethnic disparities in injury-related risk behaviors and deaths among teens in Missouri, with a focus on Hispanic people-the fastest-growing racial/ethnic group in the state.

Methods: We used data from the 2013 Missouri Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which included 1616 students in grades 9 through 12 from 32 public and charter high schools. The overall response rate was 69%.

Comparing treatment and outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ among women in Missouri by race.

Purpose: To investigate whether treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy) contributes to racial disparities in outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Patients And Methods: The analysis included 8184 non-Hispanic White and 954 non-Hispanic Black women diagnosed with DCIS between 1996 and 2011 and identified in the Missouri Cancer Registry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of treatment for race.

Risk Factors, Preventive Practices, and Health Care Among Breast Cancer Survivors, United States, 2010.

Introduction: We compared behavioral risk factors and preventive measures among female breast cancer survivors, female survivors of other types of cancers, and women without a history of cancer. Survivorship health care indicators for the 2 groups of cancer survivors were compared.

Methods: Using data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we calculated the proportion of women with risk factors and their engagement in preventive practices, stratified by cancer status (cancer survivors or women with no history of cancer), and compared the proportions after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Missouri Community, Public Health, and Primary Care Linkage: 2011-2012 Pilot Project Results & Evaluation.

This pilot project worked to establish linkages among community-based organizations, health care providers, and public health systems. The partnerships were created to help ensure identification, referral, and follow-up for community members with uncontrolled high blood pressure or pre-hypertension to lay the groundwork for sustainable referral and health education support systems in rural communities. The evaluation shows the project helped some participants control their blood pressure and change their blood pressure management behaviors.

Breast Cancer Survivorship Care: Targeting a Colorectal Cancer Education Intervention.

Breast cancer survivors are at risk of developing a second primary cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading second primary cancers, and it is often preventable. We developed a multi-component educational tool to inform and encourage women breast cancer survivors to engage in CRC screening.

Validation of multilevel regression and poststratification methodology for small area estimation of health indicators from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

Small area estimation is a statistical technique used to produce reliable estimates for smaller geographic areas than those for which the original surveys were designed. Such small area estimates (SAEs) often lack rigorous external validation. In this study, we validated our multilevel regression and poststratification SAEs from 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data using direct estimates from 2011 Missouri County-Level Study and American Community Survey data at both the state and county levels.

Improving Prediabetes Screenings at Rural Missouri County Health Departments.

With prediabetes criteria expanding in recent years, nurses offering prediabetes screenings require updates to stay abreast of current clinical guidelines. This study looked to improve rural Missouri health department nurses' understanding of prediabetes, improve the identification of prediabetes at participating health departments, and educate the nurses on existing prediabetes guidelines. A convenience sample of twenty-two nurses from seven rural Missouri health departments participated.

The effect of the Missouri WISEWOMAN program on control of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated blood glucose among low-income women.

Introduction: The Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) public health program is designed to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke among low-income, underinsured or uninsured women through clinical screenings, risk factor assessment, and lifestyle interventions. We assessed the effect of the Missouri WISEWOMAN program on the control of high blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.

Methods: We calculated the proportion of participants (N = 1,130) with abnormal blood pressure, total cholesterol, or blood glucose levels at an initial screening visit who gained control at a follow-up visit 11 to 18 months later during a 7-year period from June 30, 2005, to June 29, 2012.

The burden of chronic diseases in Missouri: progress and challenges.

Chronic diseases are the major causes of premature death, disability and loss of quality of life in Missouri. The prevalence of many chronic diseases, conditions and risk behaviors is greater in Missouri than the U.S.

The health and welfare of rural and urban cancer survivors in Missouri.

Introduction: An estimated 2.8 million cancer survivors reside in rural areas in the United States. We compared the risk behaviors, psychosocial factors, health outcomes, quality of life, and follow-up care of rural and urban cancer survivors in Missouri.

Economic effect of smoke-free ordinances on 11 Missouri cities.

Introduction: The harmful effects of secondhand smoke are convincing more and more communities across the United States and the world to prohibit smoking in public places, especially in eating and drinking establishments. A 1993 Missouri state law allows smoking in designated areas in indoor public places such as restaurants and bars. Consequently, some Missouri communities have adopted local ordinances that prohibit smoking in all indoor workplaces, including restaurants and bars.

Tobacco use among Missouri middle and high school students, 2003-2009.

Reducing tobacco use among young people is an important public health goal. This article summarizes the results of the analysis of Missouri Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS) data collected between 2003 and 2009. The YTS collects information regarding tobacco use and related issues among Missouri public middle and high school students.

Health and economic burden of traumatic brain injury: Missouri, 2001-2005.

Objective: We examined the financial and social costs resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Missouri.

Methods: We computed mortality rates from death certificates, the direct cost of TBI from hospital and emergency department (ED) visit charges, the social cost in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL) using an abridged Missouri life table, and the indirect financial cost in terms of lost productivity due to premature death for all TBI and four major causes of TBI in Missouri.

Results: During 2001-2005, a mean of 1358 lives were lost due to TBI in Missouri.

Evaluation of the Missouri WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) breast-feeding peer counselling programme.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the peer counselling (PC) programme on breast-feeding initiation among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Missouri, and to identify factors that facilitate breast-feeding initiation.

Design: We used the data from the 2006 Missouri Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System, Missouri Live Birth Records and the Missouri WIC programme to compare breast-feeding initiation rates between PC and non-PC agencies. We used multilevel logistic regression, with individual participants being nested within agencies, to control for individual- and agency-level characteristics.

Cancer disparities between African-Americans and whites in Missouri.

Eliminating racial disparities in cancer is a key goal of national organizations and those in Missouri. The purpose of this study is to provide trends in cancer incidence (1996-2003) and mortality (1990-2005) over time with special emphasis on disparities between African-Americans and whites in Missouri. Overall changes in incidence rates suggest that by 2006 the racial disparity will be eliminated.

Geographic variation and effect of area-level poverty rate on colorectal cancer screening.

Background: With a secular trend of increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, concerns about disparities in CRC screening also have been rising. It is unclear if CRC screening varies geographically, if area-level poverty rate affects CRC screening, and if individual-level characteristics mediate the area-level effects on CRC screening.

Methods: Using 2006 Missouri Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, a multilevel study was conducted to examine geographic variation and the effect of area-level poverty rate on CRC screening use among persons age 50 or older.

A comparison of the health status and behavioral risk factors among English-speaking Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites in Missouri.

Objectives: The study objectives were to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health indicators for Hispanics in Missouri, and to compare their prevalence estimates with other racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN / SETTING / PARTICIPANTS: This study, conducted in public health and academic settings, used combined data from the 2002 and 2003 Missouri Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the 2003 Missouri County-Level Study. Data were post-stratified with Hispanic ethnicity as a separate group.

The health and economic burden of smoking in Missouri, 2000-2004.

This study used the Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Cost (SAMMEC) software developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the health consequences and economic burden due to smoking in Missouri. During 2000-2004, cigarette smoking resulted in 9,600 deaths (17.5% of all deaths), 132,103 Years of Potential Life Lost, and $2.

Diabetes and tooth loss in a national sample of dentate adults reporting annual dental visits.

Introduction: Periodontal disease has been associated with tooth loss and reported as more prevalent among people with diabetes than among those without diabetes. Having an annual dental examination is a national goal of Healthy People 2010. Our objective was to examine whether an association exists between diabetes and tooth loss among a population reporting an annual dental visit.