Positive acute viral infection markers, autoimmune disease and type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a rare concurrence.

Cryoglobulins are abnormal serum immunoglobulins that tend to precipitate in intravascular compartments at temperatures lower than 37°C causing blood flow restriction to vital organs. They are divided into type I, II and III based on the immunoglobulin subtypes of the cryoprecipitates. Type II cryoglobulinemia is most commonly associated with viral infections, autoimmune diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: A Gateway to Infrequent Availability of HLA-Matched Related Donors.

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation provides a plausible alternative for the patients when a fully matched donor is unavailable. Historically, the decision of considering haploidentical transplant has remained elusive; however, with the recent advances, the consideration of haploidentical grafts as a treatment option has become more apparent for both allografting for diseases and engraftment failure. We are reporting here an anecdotal case of a successful haploidentical engraftment in a patient with the prior graft failure of an HLA-matched related donor.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult sickle cell disease in the era of universal donor availibility.

Current projections estimate that the number of newborns with sickle cell disease (SCD) globally will exceed 400,000 by 2050. Over the last three decades, increased newborn screening, supportive care, and use of hydroxyurea therapy, have decreased early childhood mortality among individuals affected with SCD. Despite hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) being curative in SCD, its impact on disease free survival remains unknown, especially in adults, partly due to previous limitations in donor options and perceived mortality in adults using myeloablative conditioning.