Discovery of the toxicity-related quality markers and mechanisms of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction based on Chinmedomics combined with differentially absorbed components and network pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD), as a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of depression, has frequently triggered hepatorenal toxicity in recent years. However, its toxic effect, material basis, and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: To explore the hepatorenal toxicity-material basis-quality markers (Q-markers) and multiple mechanisms of ZZHPD.

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes with Amine-Incorporated Xanthene Platforms for the Detection of Hypoxia.

Three fluorescent probes , , and that function in the near-infrared wavelengths and utilize pseudo xanthene platforms with an oxygen atom at the 10-position replaced by a [Me-N] group have been created to identify hypoxia via nitroreductase determinations at the 0.04, 0.10, and 0.

Humanization of Yeasts for Glycan-Type End-Products.

Yeasts are often considered microorganisms for producing human therapeutic glycosylated end-products at an industrial scale. However, the products with non-humanized glycans limited their usage. Therefore, various methods to develop humanized glycosylated end-products have been widely reported in yeasts.

Application of Multivariate Methods to Evaluate Differential Material Attributes of HPMC from Different Sources.

The aim of the present study is to achieve differential material attributes (DMAs) of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with different viscosity grades (K4M, K15M, and K100M) from different manufacturers (Anhui Shanhe and Dow Chemical). Two kinds of multivariate methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were adopted. The physicochemical properties of HPMC were systematically investigated via various techniques (e.

A ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a novel reactive cyanine platform for mitochondrial pH detection.

A near-infrared reactive cyanine platform (probe A) was prepared by condensation of 9-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-10-methyl-acridinium iodide with Fisher's aldehyde. A near-infrared fluorescent probe (probe B) was prepared by modifying a reactive chlorine atom of probe A with tert-butyl(2-aminoethyl)carbamate through a substitution reaction. The deprotection of the Boc group of probe B was achieved under an acidic condition, affording an amine-functionalized cyanine dye (probe C).

Ratiometric Detection of Glutathione Based on Disulfide Linkage Rupture between a FRET Coumarin Donor and a Rhodamine Acceptor.

Abnormal levels of glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, can lead to a variety of diseases. We have constructed a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect glutathione concentrations in biological samples. The probe consists of a coumarin donor, which is connected through a disulfide-tethered linker to a rhodamine acceptor.

Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes Based on Hemicyanine Dyes Bearing Dithioacetal and Formal Residues for pH Detection in Mitochondria.

Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probes ( and ) have been prepared for pH determination in mitochondria by attaching dithioacetal and formal residues onto a hemicyanine dye. The reactive formyl group on probe allows for retention inside mitochondria as it can react with a protein primary amine residue to form an imine under slightly basic pH 8.0.

A near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a hemicyanine dye with an oxazolidine switch for mitochondrial pH detection.

A near-infrared fluorescent probe (AH+) has been prepared by incorporating an oxazolidine switch into a near-infrared hemicyanine dye. The probe shows fast and sensitive responses to pH from an oxazolidine switch to the hemicyanine dye upon pH decreases from 10.0 to 5.

Highly sensitive determination of 4-nitrophenol with coumarin-based fluorescent molecularly imprinted poly (ionic liquid).

A coumarin-based fluorescent molecularly imprinted poly (ionic liquid) (FL-MIPIL) was prepared using a new coumarin-based alkenyl fluorescent ionic liquid (coumarin-FL-IL) as the functional monomer, IL [VC(mim)][(PF)] and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linkers, and 4-NP as the template molecule. The absolute quantum yields of coumarin-FL-IL and FL-MIPIL were 7.26 % and 30.

Cell Membrane-Specific Fluorescent Probe Featuring Dual and Aggregation-Induced Emissions.

A cell membrane-specific fluorescent probe was prepared by conjugating a coumarin dye with a tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative through an α,β-unsaturated ketone connection. The probe has two absorptions: one from the TPE moiety at 300 nm and a second one due to the coumarin moiety at 458.5 nm.

Ratiometric fluorescent probes based on through-bond energy transfer of cyanine donors to near-infrared hemicyanine acceptors for mitochondrial pH detection and monitoring of mitophagy.

Two ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probes have been developed to selectively detect mitochondrial pH changes based on highly efficient through-bond energy transfer (TBET) from cyanine donors to near-infrared hemicyanine acceptors. The probes consist of identical cyanine donors connected to different hemicyanine acceptors with a spirolactam ring structure linked via a biphenyl linkage. At neutral or basic pH, the probes display only fluorescence of the cyanine donors when they are excited at 520 nm.

A FRET-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Detection of Cysteine in Mitochondria.

We report a near-infrared fluorescent probe A for the ratiometric detection of cysteine based on FRET from a coumarin donor to a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor. Upon addition of cysteine, the coumarin fluorescence increased dramatically up to 18-fold and the fluorescence of the rhodamine acceptor decreased moderately by 45 % under excitation of the coumarin unit. Probe A has been used to detect cysteine concentration changes in live cells ratiometrically and to visualize fluctuations in cysteine concentrations induced by oxidation stress through treatment with hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Application of the SeDeM Expert System in Studies for Direct Compression Suitability on Mixture of Rhodiola Extract and an Excipient.

The SeDeM expert system is used to reveal direct compression (DC) suitability of the active ingredients and excipients in preformulation. In this study, the system was used to predict compressibility of rhodiola extract (RhE) and its mixture with excipients. The parameter index (IP), parameter profile index (IPP), and good compressibility index (IGC) of RhE mixtures with different fillers were investigated.

A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on a FRET Rhodamine Donor Linked to a Cyanine Acceptor for Sensitive Detection of Intracellular pH Alternations.

A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based near-infrared fluorescent probe () for double-checked sensitive detection of intracellular pH changes has been synthesized by binding a near-infrared rhodamine donor to a near-infrared cyanine acceptor through robust C-N bonds via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. To demonstrate the double-checked advantages of probe , a near-infrared probe () was also prepared by modification of a near-infrared rhodamine dye with ethylenediamine to produce a closed spirolactam residue. Under basic conditions, probe shows only weak fluorescence from the cyanine acceptor while probe displays nonfluorescence due to retention of the closed spirolactam form of the rhodamine moiety.

A non-enzyme cascade amplification strategy for colorimetric assay of disease biomarkers.

A non-enzyme cascade amplification strategy, based on the dissolution of Ag nanoparticles and a Pt nanocube-catalyzed reaction, for colorimetric assay of disease biomarkers was developed. This strategy overcomes the intrinsic limitations of enzymes involved in conventional enzymatic amplification techniques, thanks to the utilization of noble-metal nanostructures with superior properties.

"On-off-on" switchable sensor: a fluorescent spiropyran responds to extreme pH conditions and its bioimaging applications.

A novel spiropyran that responds to both extreme acid and extreme alkali and has an "on-off-on" switch is reported. Benzoic acid at the indole N-position and carboxyl group at the indole 6-position contribute to the extreme acid response. The ionizations of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups cause the extreme alkali response.