The intensity of free radical processes and chaperone activity in the saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Saliva is a clinically informative biological fluid that contains many biomarkers, allowing multiple analyses to be performed.

Aim: The objectives of this study were the assessment of the serum and saliva levels of biochemical parameters and intensity of free radical processes in T2DM patients and the identification of the correlation between certain criteria.

Methods: This case-control study included 40 T2DM patients, which were compared with 40 healthy individuals.

Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Saliva of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Glucose concentration in the saliva is increased in type 1 diabetes mellitus. This parameter directly correlates with markers of the disease in the blood serum. Increased concentration of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and diene conjugates, markers of oxidative stress, and reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were also observed in this pathology.

Inflammation is associated with impairment of oxidative status, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes complicated by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by inflammation and impairment of the lipid metabolism. In addition, NAFLD is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes associated with oxidative stress. Based on this, we evaluated the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), oxidative status rates, and analyzed its correlation with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes.

The effect of methylethylpiridinol addition to the therapy on the level of pigment epithelium-derived factor and oxidative status in patients with diabetic nephropathy: randomized controlled open-label clinical study.

Purpose: The diabetic nephropathy is associated with oxidative stress and increases in pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level in the patient's blood. For the first time, authors investigated the effect of methylethylpiridinol addition to the therapy on oxidative status and pigment epithelium-derived factor concentrations, and examined the relationship between these indicators and clinical markers of pathology development.

Methods: Study design: open label randomized controlled trial study.

[Effect of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on the intensity of free radical processes and the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes under toxic liver injury in rats].

The effect of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on markers of hepatocytes cytolysis (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), parameters reflecting the state of oxidative status (intensity of biochemical luminescence and the content of diene conjugates), and the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes (aconitate hydratase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) was studied in rats with CCl4-induced liver injury. The results obtained in the course of the work demonstrated the ability of the test compound to reduce the severity of oxidative stress and liver cells damage, as well as to change the activity of aconitate hydratase and NADP-generating enzymes in the direction of control values. 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline was more effective in normalizing CCl4-induced changes of the analyzed parameters that Carsil used as a reference compound.

[The effect of biguanide derivatives on oxidative stress in rats with hyperglycemia].

The effect of the synthetic biguanide derivatives N-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl]guanidine (NIPMG) and 1,3-dimethyl-5-[(carbamimidamidomethanimidoil) amino]benzoyl-1,3dicarboxylate (DCB) on the degree of proteins oxidative modification (POM) and the DNA fragmentation, the content of the lipid peroxidation primary products - conjugated dienes (CD), and the activity of glutathione antioxidant system in the liver and heart of rats with experimental hyperglycemia was investigated. Administration of the biguanides (15.0 mg/kg) to hypoglycemic rats promoted reduction of the free radical processes intensity in the studied tissues.

Effects of N-[Imino(1-Piperidinyl)Methyl] Guanidine on the Intensity of Free Radical Processes, Aconitase Activity, and Citrate Level in the Tissues of Rats with Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Effects of a synthetic biguanide derivative N-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl] guanidine (NIPMG) on free radical homeostasis, aconitase activity, and citrate concentration were studied in the liver and blood serum of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis of biochemiluminescence parameters showed that administration of this agent (10 mg/kg body weight) to animals with diabetes reduced the intensity of free radical processes in study tissues relative to the increased values in untreated diabetic animals. Under these conditions, aconitase activity, a principal target of ROS effects, and citrate level in the liver and blood serum of rats approached the control levels.

[The effect of 3,5-dicarbomethoxyphenylbiguanide on the activity of antioxidant enzymes].

The effect of 3,5-dicarbomethoxyphenylbiguanide, which was selected with the Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) computer program, on the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase in the heart and the blood serum of rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. The studied parameters changed towards control values when the tested compound was injected in animals with the pathology. These results can be explained by the cardioprotective and antioxidant activity of the compound.

[Intensity of apoptotic processes, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated steatohepatitis under application of epifamin at basic therapy].

DNA fragmentation, caspase-1 and caspase-3, aconitate hydratase (AH) activities, and citrate content have been investigated in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by steatohepatitis. These indicators of apoptotic processes intensity and oxidative stress development were estimated after basic treatment and a combined therapy including epifamin. Before treatment DNA fragmentation blood leukocytes, decrease of AH activity and increase of caspases activities in the serum of patients were detected.

Effects of Melatonin-Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection.

Acute hepatitis results from oxidative stress triggered by hepatotoxic drugs causing liver injury and the activation of caspases cascade. The glutathione antioxidant system protects against reactive oxygen species and mitigates development of these processes. The effectiveness of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, essenthiale, composed of phosphatidyl choline, and melaxen, a melatonin-correcting drug, as hepatoprotectors has been investigated.

[EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON THE ACONITATE HYDRATASE ACTIVITY, CONTENT OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS AND SOME NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATED BY STEATOHEPATITIS].

Type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by steatohepatitis is accompanied by a decrease in aconitate hydratase activity, increase in the content of diene conjugates, decrease in the concentration of α-tocopherol, and change in the citrate level in the blood serum of patients, which is evidence of the development of oxidative stress as a result of the intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates and decreasing degree of antioxidant defense of the organism. Combined therapy with melaxen provided a more significant change of the investigated parameters toward the norm (on the average by 36%, p 0.05) in comparison with basic treatment.

[Effect of melaxen and valdoxan on free radical processes intensity, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate content in rats tissues under hyperthyroidism].

The influence of melaxen and valdoxan on the biochemiluminescence parameters, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate level in rats heart and liver during development of experimental hyperthyroidism has been investigated. Administration of these substances promoted a decrease of biochemiluminescence parameters, which had been increased in tissues of rats in response to the development of oxidative stress under hyperthyroidism. Aconitate hydratase activity and citrate concentration in rats liver and heart, growing at pathological conditions, changed towards control value after administration of the drugs correcting melatonin level.

The effect of melaxen on the activity of caspases and the glutathione antioxidant system in toxic liver injury.

A comparative study of the activity of caspase-1 and caspase-3, the glutathione antioxidant system and NADPH-generating enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) and a study of DNA fragmentation in the blood serum of patients with chronic alcoholic hepatitis during basic treatment and combination therapy including melaxen have been carried out. It was found that the blood serum level of reduced glutathione, which decreases in pathology, increased more significantly in patients receiving melaxen as compared to the group of patients receiving the standard treatment. More significant changes in the activity of caspase-1 and caspase-3, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase toward the control values were observed during the combination therapy.

[The activity of glutathione antioxidant system at melaksen and valdoxan action under experimental hyperthyroidism in rats].

Investigation of glutathione antioxidant system activity and diene conjugates content in rats liver and blood serum at the influence of melaksen and valdoxan under experimental hyperthyroidism (EG) has been revealed. It has been established that the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione transferase (GT), growing at pathological conditions, change to the side of control value at these substunces introduction. Reduced glutathione content (GSH) at melaxen and valdoxan action increased compared with values under the pathology, that, obviously, could be associated with a reduction of its spending on the detoxication of free radical oxidation (FRO) toxic products.

[Effects of melaxen and valdoxan on the activity of glutathione antioxidant system and NADPH-producing enzymes in rat heart under experimental hyperthyroidism conditions].

The effects of melaxen and valdoxan on the activity of glutathione antioxidant system and some NADPH-producing enzymes have been studied under conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism in rat heart. Under the action of these drugs, reduced glutathione (GSH) content increased as compared to values observed under the conditions of pathology. It has been established that the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (increased under pathological conditions) change toward the intact control values upon the introduction of both drugs.

[Effect of combined therapy with melaxen on lipid peroxidation rate and citrate content in blood serum of patients with drug-induced hepatitis diagnosis].

A combined therapy with melaxen led to a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the level of diene conjugates in blood serum of patients with the drug-induced hepatitis developing on the background of administration of antituberculous preparations. These changes are indicative of pronounced antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the drug. In addition, there was a decrease in the content of citrate and a change in the activity of aconitate hydratase toward a normal level, which reflects a decrease in the degree of pathologic oxidative stress development and is evidence of the antiradical effect of melaxen.

[Peculiar properties of glutathione system and NADPH-generated enzymes functioning in blood of patients with drug-induced hepatitis under combined treatment with epifamin].

Activity of the glutathione antioxidant system has been studied in patients with drug-induced hepatitis treated with standart base therapy and combined with epifamin therapy. In blood serum of patients before treatment the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities versus control were observed. Combined treatment with epifamin changed GSH level to the normal values.

[Intensity of free radical oxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in patients with drug hepatitis in combination therapy with melaxen or epifamin].

Intensity of free radical oxidation processes and superoxide dismutase activity at patients with drug-induced hepatitis at the combined therapy with melaxen or epifamin. Free radical homoeostasis state at patients with drug-induced hepatitis being on standard treatment, including hepatoprotectors, and the combined therapy with melaxen or epifamin has been investigated. Biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum point out to intensification of free radical processes and inhibition of antioxidant defense of organism, at this time superoxide dismutase activity in blood serum increased.

Effect of N-[Imino(4-morpholyl)methyl]guanidine on the oxidative status in rats with toxic hepatitis.

The hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of a synthetic biguanide N-[imino(4-morpholyl)methyl]guanidine (IMMG) were prognosticated by the method of computer prediction. Administration of IMMG was accompanied by a decrease in serum transaminase activity in rats with toxic hepatitis, which reflects inhibition of hepatocyte cytolysis. IMMG treatment was followed by a decrease in biochemiluminescence parameters reflecting the intensity of free radical oxidation.