A novel highly selective allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) can block inflammation- and autoimmune-related pathways.

Background: As a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which includes JAK1, JAK2 and JAK3, tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) plays an important role in signal transduction and immune system regulation. Moreover, it is also involved in the development of many types of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TYK2 is an attractive therapeutic target, and selective inhibition of TYK2 over other JAK family members is critical for the development of TYK2 small molecule inhibitors.

Coptisine induces G2/M arrest in esophageal cancer cell via the inhibition of p38/ERK1/2/claudin-2 signaling pathway.

In this study, we treated esophageal cancer (EC) cell lines, TE1 and KYSE450 with coptisine (COP) and investigated the biological effects of COP in EC cells. Our results showed that COP inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of EC cells, and COP induced G2/M phase arrest of EC cells and decreased the expression of claudin-2, p-cdc2, CDK1 and cyclin B1. In addition, we found the reduction of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in EC cells treated with COP.

Suppression of Th17 cell differentiation via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 by cinnamaldehyde can ameliorate ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum. Although the etiology is unknown, dysregulation of the intestinal mucosal immune system is closely related to UC. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a major active compound from cinnamon, is known as its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial.

Metformin Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Macrophage and Ameliorates Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Mice via Autophagy.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases caused by hapten-modified proteins. Metformin, a drug commonly prescribed for type II diabetes, has been demonstrated to have various biological functions beyond its antidiabetic effects. However, its role in ACD remains unknown.

Suppression of miR-21 and miR-155 of macrophage by cinnamaldehyde ameliorates ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease which involved mucosal immune dysfunction. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is major active compound from cinnamon, a useful traditional medicine in Asia which shows superior antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of CA on UC both in vivo and in vitro.