Targeting Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis: Cardamonin's Cognitive Benefits in Alzheimer's 5XFAD Mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective effects of cardamonin in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We treated six-month-old female 5XFAD mice with cardamonin at 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests.

Decoding the intricacies: a comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), provoked by the appearance of a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), required a worldwide healthcare emergency. This has elicited an immediate need for accelerated research into its mechanisms of disease, criteria for diagnosis, methods for forecasting outcomes, and treatment approaches. microRNAs (miRNAs), are diminutive RNA molecules, that are non-coding and participate in gene expression regulation post-transcriptionally, having an important participation in regulating immune processes.

The role of Nrf2 signaling pathways in nerve damage repair.

The protein, Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a transitory protein that acts as a transcription factor and is involved in the regulation of many cytoprotective genes linked to xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant responses. Based on the existing clinical and experimental data, it can be inferred that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by an excessive presence of markers of oxidative stress (OS) and a reduced presence of antioxidant defense systems in both the brain and peripheral tissues. The presence of imbalances in the homeostasis between oxidants and antioxidants has been recognized as a substantial factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Journey into the Esophageal Complications: Decoding Systemic Sclerosis with Cutting-Edge Endoscopy, Manometry, and Ambulatory pH-Study.

Purpose: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by autoimmunity, fibrosis, and vasculopathy that affects the skin and internal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the esophagus. This article highlights the characteristics and clinical symptoms of esophageal involvement in patients with SSc.

Patients And Methods: This study was conducted between November 2022 to August 2023, including 26 already diagnosed cases of SSc in the Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation and Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology-Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.

Enhancing sciatic nerve regeneration with osteopontin-loaded acellular nerve allografts in rats: Effects on macrophage polarization.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional matrix glycoprotein with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. This study explored the potential of OPN-loaded acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) to repair sciatic nerves in male Wistar rats. The research also delved into the impact of OPN on macrophage phenotypes.

Serum IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Objective: The hyperinflammatory response, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most common cause of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The etiopathogenesis of this illness is not fully understood. Macrophages appear to play a key part in COVID-19's pathogenic effects.

Demographic, clinical and genetic factors associated with COVID-19 disease susceptibility and mortality in a Kurdish population.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating pandemic that causes disease with a variability in susceptibility and mortality based on variants of various clinical and demographic factors, including particular genes among populations.

Objectives: Determine associations of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the -α, and -γ genes to the incidence of infection and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Design: Prospective cohort study SETTINGS: Various cities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Ct, polymorphism, and laboratory biomarkers for predicting chemosensory dysfunctions and mortality in COVID-19.

Aim: Patients with COVID-19 often experience chemosensory dysfunction. This research intends to uncover the association of RT-PCR Ct value with chemosensory dysfunctions and SpO. This study also aims to investigate Ct, SpO, CRP, D-dimer, and -607 T/G polymorphism in order to find out predictors of chemosensory dysfunctions and mortality.

The severity of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients is associated with mirSNPs in the 3' UTR of that associate with miR-3658: In silico and in vitro studies.

Unlabelled: The SARS-CoV-2 virus targets the antigen converting enzyme 2 () receptor, thus resulting in elevated morbidity and an increased risk of severe and fatal COVID-19 infection in individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the association between increased susceptibility and severity in order to evaluate their impact in hypertensive COVID-19 patients using in vitro and in silico models.

Methods: We identified 80 miRNA binding sites on (for different miRNAs) as well as various 30 SNPs in the miRNA binding sites of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) in the gene using different online software and tools.

Hematological, Inflammatory, Coagulation, and Oxidative/Antioxidant Biomarkers as Predictors for Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort-Study.

Purpose: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are pivotal points in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to use routine laboratory and oxidative stress/antioxidative biomarkers as predictors for the mortality of the disease.

Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study, made up of 120 COVID-19 patients from emergency units in Erbil, Duhok, Kirkuk, and Sulaymaniyah cities in Iraq, from May the 1 to May the 30, 2021, and 60 healthy controls (HCs) (n = 60).

Lack of association between the rs1800779 (A/G) polymorphism and the myocardial infarction incidence among the Iraqi Kurdish population.

Objectives: The genetic polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase () gene are strongly associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in various populations. The current study aimed to investigate the association of the rs1800779 (A/G) polymorphism with the progress of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Eighty-five healthy subjects and 80 patients with MI admitted to the Erbil Cardiac Centre in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were enrolled in the study.

Comparative study of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers between male and female COVID-19 patients living in Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Recently, there is increasing evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes men to experience more serious symptoms and have a higher mortality rate than women, but the association between sex and immune response stays unknown till now, and weather patient's prognosis associated with sex or not is another vague in COVID-19. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titer test was performed for 727 patients who were a positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19 and we determined the difference in immune response in both genders. Patients were divided into two groups based on their genders, which were 383 males and 344 females.

The role of oxidative stress and haematological parameters in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Kurdish population.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits inflammation and oxidative stress hallmarks.

Objective: The research aims to know any disturbances in haematological parameters and antioxidant system of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in the Kurdish population.

Methods: A case-control research meeting following the McDonald criterion was conducted on 100 RRMS patients and 100 controls.

SNPs at 3'UTR of APOL1 and miR-6741-3p target sites associated with kidney diseases more susceptible to SARS-COV-2 infection: in silco and in vitro studies.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common manifestation of COVID-19 and several cases have been reported in the setting of the high-risk APOL1 genotype (common genetic variants). This increases the likelihood that African American people with the high-risk genotype APOL1 are at increased risk for kidney disease in the COVID-19 environment. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are found in various microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes change the miRNA activity that leads to different diseases.

Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: A total scale analysis review.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates.

Cardiac, Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction and IL-18 Polymorphism in Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer Patients.

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the alterations in the serum levels of tumor markers used to evaluate cardiac, renal and liver function, and detect the interleukin (IL)-18 rs1946518 polymorphism in breast (BC), colorectal (CRC) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 65 female BC, 116 CRC, 79 PCa and 88 myocardial infarction (MI) patients, and 110 healthy individuals to determine the concentration of tumor and cardiac markers. Furthermore, the IL-18 rs1946518 polymorphism was assessed using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR.