Inhibitory effect of carvacrol against causing goji fruit rot by disrupting the integrity and composition of cell wall.

Goji ( L.) is a widely planted crop in China that is easily infected by the pathogenic fungus , which causes rot after harvest. Previous studies showed that carvacrol (CVR) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of and reduced Alternaria rot in goji fruits .

Molecular characteristics and physicochemical properties of very small granule starch isolated from Agriophyllum squarrosum seeds.

Novel starch resources isolated from accessible botanical origins are of special interest to food scientists in the context of food security. In this study, Agriophyllum squarrosum starches (AS-1, AS-2, and AS-3) were isolated from three ecotypes of A. squarrosum seeds and compared with quinoa starch (QS).

Effect of exogenous glucoamylase inclusion on in vitro fermentation and growth performance of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding an exogenous glucoamylase (GA) enzyme from the fungus on in vitro fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based diet. Experiment 1 evaluated three levels of added enzyme (0, 0.24, and 0.

Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain.

Two separate experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incremental doses of 10 exogenous endo-acting α-amylase and exo-acting glucoamylase; 1LAT (bacterial α-amylase), 2AK, 3AC, 4Cs4, 5Trga, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 10Tg (fungal α-amylases, glucoamylases, and α-glucosidase), 8Star and 9Syn (fungal amylase-mixtures; experiment 1) and three exogenous proteases; 11P14L, 12P7L, and 13P30L (bacterial proteases; experiment 2) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of mature dent corn grain using a batch culture system. Incremental doses of the exogenous enzymes (0, 0.25, 0.

Comparative study of protease hydrolysis reaction demonstrating Normalized Peptide Bond Cleavage Frequency and Protease Substrate Broadness Index.

Two commercial proteases (subtilisin-typed FNA from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and chymotrypsin-like NPP from Nocardiopsis prasina), porcine pepsin, porcine pancreatin having protease activity and their combinations were studied in vitro by LC-MS for their ability to digest soy protein isolate (SPI) under conditions close to those found in the stomach (pH 3.7) and small intestine (pH 6.5).

Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase Enzymes Alone or in Combination with a Neutral Protease on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Feces -Lactate in Crossbred Angus Bulls Fed a Ration Rich in Rolled Corn.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two glucoamylases (GA) and the combination of one GA with a neutral protease on apparent total tract digestibility in beef bulls fed a total mixed ration (TMR) rich in rolled corn. Sixteen Angus beef bulls (266 ± 4.9 kg of initial BW, and 182 ± 1.

Fabrication of MnO-CeO/cordierite catalysts doped with FeO and CuO for preferable catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene.

A series of MnO-CeO catalysts with MO doping (M = Cu, Fe, Co and La) supported on cordierite were synthesized by the citric acid complex method, showing preferable catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene. The distribution of active oxides, surface areas, as well as the structural morphology of M-MnO-CeO catalysts varied with the different Mn/Ce and M/Mn molar ratios. Meanwhile, physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, H-TPR and IR.

[Analysis of capabilities of microscopic examinations of in Dongxihu District, Wuhan City].

Objective: To investigate and analyze the capabilities of microscopic examinations in medical and health organizations in Dongxihu District, Wuhan City, so as to provide evidences for achieving the standard of malaria elimination and malaria control in the future.

Methods: The basic information of the laboratorians and the hardware facilities in 15 microscopic examination stations of were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile, the quality of making, dyeing, cleanliness of all the negatives blood smears were evaluated, and all the positive smears were re-checked in the district during the period above mentioned.

Crystal structure of quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes. A versatile dehydrogenase oxidizing alcohols and carbohydrates.

The quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PQQ-ADH, E.C. 1.

Super High Dosing with a Novel Buttiauxella Phytase Continuously Improves Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Mineral Status of Weaned Pigs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel Buttiauxella phytase to pigs fed P-deficient, corn-soybean meal diets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (9.53 ± 0.

Ferulic acid dehydrodimer and dehydrotrimer profiles of distiller's dried grains with solubles from different cereal species.

Ferulic acid dehydrodimers (DFA) and dehydrotrimers (TriFA) ester-linked to plant cell wall polymers may cross-link not only cell wall polysaccharides but also other cell wall components including proteins and lignin, thus enhancing the rigidity and potentially affecting the enzymatic degradation of the plant cell wall. Corn, wheat, and mixed-cereal distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were investigated for composition of DFAs and TriFAs by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Corn DDGS contained 5.

Structural and functional characterization of ochratoxinase, a novel mycotoxin-degrading enzyme.

Ochratoxin, with ochratoxin A as the dominant form, is one of the five major mycotoxins most harmful to humans and animals. It is produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species and occurs in a wide range of agricultural products. Detoxification of contaminated food is a challenging health issue.

Crystal structure of α-1,4-glucan lyase, a unique glycoside hydrolase family member with a novel catalytic mechanism.

α-1,4-Glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.

A novel metabolic pathway for glucose production mediated by α-glucosidase-catalyzed conversion of 1,5-anhydrofructose.

α-Glucosidase is in the glycoside hydrolase family 13 (13AG) and 31 (31AG). Only 31AGs can hydrate the D-glucal double bond to form α-2-deoxyglucose. Because 1,5-anhydrofructose (AF), having a 2-OH group, mimics the oxocarbenium ion transition state, AF may be a substrate for α-glucosidases.

Crystal structure of bifunctional aldos-2-ulose dehydratase/isomerase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium with the reaction intermediate ascopyrone M.

The enzyme aldos-2-ulose dehydratase/isomerase (AUDH) participates in carbohydrate secondary metabolism, catalyzing the conversion of glucosone and 1,5-d-anhydrofructose to the secondary metabolites cortalcerone and microthecin, respectively. AUDH is a homo-dimeric enzyme with subunits of 900 amino acids. The subunit consists of a seven-bladed β-propeller domain, two cupin folds and a C-terminal lectin domain.

A simple and fast kinetic assay for phytases using phytic acid-protein complex as substrate.

Phytase (EC 3.1.3.

Study on administration of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose in C57BL/6J mice challenged with high-fat diet.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (AF) is a mono-saccharide directly formed from starch and glycogen by the action of α-1,4-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.

1,5-anhydro-D-fructose and its derivatives: biosynthesis, preparation and potential medical applications.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (AF) was first found in fungi and red algae. It is produced by the degradation of glycogen, starch and maltosaccharides with α-1,4-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose: biocatalytic and chemical synthetic methods for the preparation, transformation and derivatization.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (1,5AnFru) is a monoketosaccharide that can be prepared enzymatically from starch by alpha-1,4-glucan lyase or chemically from D-glucose or D-fructose in a few steps with high yields. The formed 1,5AnFru can be derivatized both enzymatically and chemically to interesting new carbohydrate derivatives, some with biological activities. For example dehydratases, isomerases and reductases can convert 1,5AnFru to enolones (as Ascopyrone P) and sugar alcohols with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while chemical modifications can give similar compounds as well as natural products like 1-deoxymannonojirimycin and Clavulazine.

[Photolumimescence character of novel phthalocyanine].

In the present paper, the authors study the photolumimescence spectra of the novel 2,3-tetra-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzoyl) hydrogen phthalocyanine casting film and vacuum-deposited film. Photolumimescence spectras of casting film on the quartz substrate were measured at 10, 77, 177 and 300 K, and the photolumimescence spectra of vacuum-deposited film with a thickness of about 200 nm on the silicon substrate was studied at room temperature (300 K). For 2,3-tetra-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzoyl) hydrogen phthalocyanine, the casting films all show fluorescence peaks at 942, 937, 942 and 942 nm and phosphorescence peaks at 1114, 1057, 1114 and 1114 nm in the photolumimescence spectra at 10, 77, 177 and 300 K, respectively.

The anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen catabolism.

In many living forms, glucose is stored in the polymeric form of glycogen and starch as a source of carbon and energy. Upon need, these polymers are broken down to their building block glucose in the presence of water and hydrolases, and glucose 1-phosphate in the presence of phosphate and phosphorylase. In the last decade, we established an alternative glycogen catabolic pathway, the so-called Anhydrofructose (AF) pathway, the description of which was approved by IUBMB in 2006.

The anhydrofructose pathway and its possible role in stress response and signaling.

Anhydrofructose (AF) pathway describes the catabolism of alpha-1,4-glucans of glycogen, starch and maltosaccharides to various metabolites via the central intermediate AF. The reaction sequence of the pathway consists of more than 10 enzymatic steps. This pathway occurs in certain bacteria, fungi, algae and mammals.

Catabolism of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose in Sinorhizobium morelense S-30.7.5: discovery, characterization, and overexpression of a new 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase and its application in sugar analysis and rare sugar synthesis.

The bacterium Sinorhizobium morelense S-30.7.5 was isolated by a microbial screening using the sugar 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (AF) as the sole carbon source.

Production of enzymatically active recombinant full-length barley high pI alpha-glucosidase of glycoside family 31 by high cell-density fermentation of Pichia pastoris and affinity purification.

Recombinant barley high pI alpha-glucosidase was produced by high cell-density fermentation of Pichia pastoris expressing the cloned full-length gene. The gene was amplified from a genomic clone and exons (coding regions) were assembled by overlap PCR. The resulting cDNA was expressed under control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter using methanol induction of P.

Examination of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose and the enolone ascopyrone P, metabolites of the anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen and starch degradation, for their possible application in fruits, vegetables, and beverages as antibrowning agents.

The anhydrofructose pathway describes the degradation of glycogen and starch to 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5AnFru) and its further conversion to the enolone ascopyrone P (APP) via the transit intermediate ascopyrone M. The two products, 1,5AnFru and APP, were examined in this study for their effects in controlling the browning of selected fruits, vegetables, and beverages. The results showed that 1,5AnFru had an antibrowning effect in green tea and was able to slow turbidity development in black currant wine.