2023 National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association Focused Update of the 2019 Saudi Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure.

Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases is undeniable in local populations, who have high mortality rates and a young age of disease onset. A systematic review of emerging evidence and update of the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) 2019 heart failure (HF) guidelines was therefore undertaken.

Methodology: A panel of expert cardiologists reviewed recommendations of the 2019 guidelines following the Saudi Heart Association methodology for guideline recommendations.

Saudi Heart Association (SHA) guidelines for the management of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and negatively impacts quality of life, healthcare costs, and longevity. Although data on HF in the Arab population are scarce, recently developed regional registries are a step forward to evaluating the quality of current patient care and providing an overview of the clinical picture. Despite the burden of HF in Saudi Arabia, there are currently no standardized protocols or guidelines for the management of patients with acute or chronic heart failure.

The first survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: Main results and long-term outcomes (STARS-1 Program).

Background: Prior acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registries in Saudi Arabia might not have accurately described the true demographics and cardiac care of patients with ACS. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of a representative sample of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We conducted a 1-month snap-shot, prospective, multi-center registry study in 50 hospitals from various health care sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Predictors and Impact of In-Hospital Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Findings From Gulf RACE-2.

Background: Little is known about the predictors and prognostic impact of recurrent in-hospital ischemia and infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our objectives were to determine the baseline characteristics, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (Re-MI).

Methods: We evaluated patients with ACS who were enrolled in the second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events from October 2008 to June 2009.

Disparities in health care delivery and hospital outcomes between non-Saudis and Saudi nationals presenting with acute coronary syndromes in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Saudi Arabia has a non-Saudi workers population. We investigated the differences and similarities of expatriate non-Saudi patients (NS) and Saudi nationals (SN) presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with respect to therapies and clinical outcomes.

Methods: The study evaluated 2031 of the 5055 ACS patients enrolled in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPACE) from 2005 to 2007.

Absence of obesity paradox in Saudi patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes: insights from SPACE registry.

Background And Objectives: To describe the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and its relationship with clinical features, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Design And Settings: The Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events is a prospective registry. ACS patients admitted to 17 hospitals from December 2005-2007 were included in this study.

Impressive echocardiographic images of a rare pathology: Aneurysm of the mitral valve - Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Aneurysm of the mitral valve (AMV) is rarely reported. The etiology of this unusual pathology is commonly attributed to aortic valve endocarditis (AVE) with aortic regurgitation (AR) or connective tissue disease. We present two recent cases of AMV with good correlation between pre-operative trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE), intra-operative real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3D-Echo) and surgical findings.

Impact of diabetes on hospital adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: Data from the Saudi project of acute coronary events.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia. DM patients who present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have worse cardiovascular outcomes. We characterized clinical features and hospital outcomes of diabetic patients with ACS in Saudi Arabia.

Gender inequality in the clinical outcomes of equally treated acute coronary syndrome patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Gender associations with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), remain inconsistent. Gender-specific data in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events registry, launched in December 2005 and currently with 17 participating hospitals, were explored.

Design And Settings: A prospective multicenter study of patient with ACS in secondary and tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia were included in this analysis.

The obesity paradox in patients with acute coronary syndrome: results from the Gulf RACE-2 study.

We investigated the association between in-hospital and peri-hospital mortality and body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC) in a prospective acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registry in the Arabian Gulf. No significant associations with in-hospital mortality were found. Normal BMI had highest peri-hospital mortality, notably those with high WC.

Short-term and long-term mortality associated with ventricular arrhythmia in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome: findings from the Gulf RACE registry-2.

Objectives: Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) carries an ominous prognosis; however, long-term prognosis associated with VA in ACS in the Middle East is unknown. Accordingly, we sought to assess the incidence, in-hospital outcomes, and 1-year mortality of in-hospital VA in patients with ACS.

Methods And Results: The Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2) is a multinational observational study of patients with ACS, which enrolled 7930 patients.

Incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and associated patient outcomes in hospitalized acute coronary syndrome patients in Saudi Arabia: findings from the registry of the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPACE).

Background And Objectives: Mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with ventricular arrhythmia (VA) has been shown to be higher than those without VA. However, there is a paucity of data on VA among ACS patients in the Middle Eastern countries.

Design And Setting: Prospective study of patients admitted in 17 government hospitals with ACS between December 2005 and December 2007.

Are acute coronary syndrome patients admitted during off-duty hours treated differently? An analysis of the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPACE) study.

Background And Objectives: It is often suggested that acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients admitted during off-duty hours (OH) have a worse clinical outcome than those admitted during regular working hours (RH). Our objective was to compare the management and hospital outcomes of ACS patients admitted during OH with those admitted during RH.

Design And Setting: Prospective observational study of ACS patients enrolled in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome study from December 2005 to December 2007.

The prognostic impact of in-hospital worsening of renal function in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Renal impairment is strongly linked to adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Baseline renal dysfunction is a strong predictor of CV mortality and morbidity in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prognostic importance of worsening renal function (WRF) in these patients is not well characterized.

Age and its relationship to acute coronary syndromes in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events (SPACE) registry: The SPACE age study.

Objective: To characterize risk profile of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in different age groups and compare management provided to in-hospital outcome.

Design: Prospective multi-hospital registry.

Setting: Seventeen secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Baseline characteristics, management practices, and long-term outcomes of Middle Eastern patients in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2).

Background And Objectives: Limited data are available on patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and their long-term outcomes in the Arabian Gulf countries. We evaluated the clinical features, management, in-hospital, and long-term outcomes of in such a population.

Design And Setting: A 9-month prospective, multicenter study conducted in 65 hospitals from 6 countries that also included 30 day and 1-year mortality follow-up.

Prognostic significance of prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation among patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome: findings from the Gulf RACE-2 Registry.

There is a paucity of data on atrial fibrillation (AF) complicating acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Arabian Gulf countries. Thus, we assessed the incidence of AF in patients with ACS in these countries and examined the associated in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year adverse outcomes. The population comprised 7930 patients enrolled in the second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2).

Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results of the Saudi project for assessment of coronary events (SPACE) registry.

Objectives: The Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events (SPACE) registry is the first in Saudi Arabia to study the clinical features, management, and in-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective registry study in 17 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between December 2005 and December 2007. ACS patients included those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina; both were reported collectively as NSTEACS (non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome).

In-hospital adverse clinical outcomes of ST elevation myocardial infarction patients with renal dysfunction. Insights from the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events.

Objective: To explore the prognostic value of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in Saudi patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and its impact on hospital therapies.

Methods: The STEMI patients with a baseline serum Creatinine enrolled in the SPACE (Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events) registry were analyzed. This study was performed in several regions in Saudi Arabia between December 2005 to December 2007.

Glomerular filtration rate estimated by the CKD-EPI formula is a powerful predictor of in-hospital adverse clinical outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome.

The prognostic value of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula for cardiovascular adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was explored. Baseline eGFR was classified as no renal dysfunction (>90 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), borderline (90-60.

Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of conservative medical management in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in Gulf RACE-2.

We assessed the prevalence, predictors, and in-hospital and long-term outcomes of conservative medical management for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This prospective study conducted from October 2008 to June 2009 in 65 hospitals from 6 Arabian Gulf countries included 30-day and 1-year mortality follow-up for 3661 patients. Compared with conservative management group (2859 patients; 78.

Long-term clinical outcome after implantation of medium Palmaz (biliary) stents in very large native coronary arteries.

Intracoronary stenting has been shown to improve acute and long-term clinical results compared with coronary angioplasty. However, clinical outcome after medium Palmaz biliary (PB) stent implantation in very large native coronary arteries (> 4 mm in diameter) is unknown. This study evaluated restenosis and long-term clinical outcome after PB stenting in large native coronary arteries.