Exacerbation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in C-C chemokine receptor type 7-deficient mice.

Background And Aim: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce intestinal enteropathy and the pathophysiology is related to immune-mediated mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) which regulates immune cell migration in NSAID-induced enteropathy.

Methods: Injury of the small intestine was evaluated 24 h after the subcutaneous injection of indomethacin in CCR7-deficient (Ccr7 ) and wild-type (WT) mice.

Elderly onset age is associated with low efficacy of first anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The outcomes of patients with elderly onset (EO) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) remains uncertain. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of anti-TNF treatment for bio-naïve EO-IBD. Elderly patients were defined as those 60 years and older, and further divided into those with EO (Elderly-EO) and those with non-elderly onset (Elderly-NEO).

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is an Immunohistochemical biomarker for the efficacy of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy for duodenal and jejunal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy for patients with metastatic duodenal and jejunal adenocarcinoma (mDJA) are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab and to explore immunohistochemical markers that can predict the efficacy of bevacizumab for patients with mDJA.

Methods: This multicentre study included patients with histologically confirmed small bowel adenocarcinoma who received palliative chemotherapy from 2008 to 2017 at 15 hospitals.

Use of a convolutional neural network for classifying microvessels of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background And Aim: The morphological diagnosis of microvessels on the surface of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is widely used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, inconsistency, even among experts, remains a problem. We constructed a convolutional neural network-based computer-aided diagnosis system to classify the microvessels of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and evaluated its diagnostic performance.

Oligosaccharide-dependent anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 for macrophages in ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aim: Galectin-1 plays a protective role against colitis by binding with polylactosamine structures on macrophages in β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I-deficient mice, but the precise function of galectin-1 remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 on macrophages to ameliorate ulcerative colitis in both animal model and human tissue samples.

Methods: The expression of galectin-1 in colonic tissues of ulcerative colitis patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Novel mass spectrometry-based comprehensive lipidomic analysis of plasma from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aim: Lipids play important roles in inflammation and may be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we evaluated the characteristics of the plasma lipid profile in patients with IBD.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 20 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 20 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 10 healthy volunteers (HVs) after overnight fasting.

Tissue Drug Concentrations of Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Agents Are Associated with the Long-term Outcome of Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background: Many reports indicate that a high-serum trough level of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents is required for sustained remission in patients with Crohn's disease The pharmacokinetics of anti-TNF agents in inflamed intestinal tissue, however, is not well investigated. We investigated the association between the tissue concentration of anti-TNF agents and long-term disease outcome.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center study that enrolled 25 patients with Crohn's disease who were administered infliximab or adalimumab.

Indigo Naturalis ameliorates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation.

Background: Indigo Naturalis (IN) is used as a traditional herbal medicine for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms of action of IN have not been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IN for ameliorating colonic inflammation.

Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for Peyer's patches is useful in predicting the recurrence of remissive patients with ulcerative colitis.

Background/aims: Peyer's patches (PPs) are aggregates of lymphoid follicles that are mainly located in the distal ileum; they play a major role in mucosal immunity. We recently reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have alterations in PPs that can be detected using narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME). However, the usefulness of NBI-ME in UC treatment as a whole is still unknown.