Degradation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes by free chlorine and halide ions: Kinetics, mechanisms, and implications.

The kinetics of polyamide membrane degradation by free chlorine and halide ions (Br and Cl) were innovatively evaluated based on physicochemical properties and filtration performance, using water/solute permeability coefficient in addition to bromide incorporation as important indicators. The reaction rate constants for the reduced water and HBO permeability coefficient were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher at 0-1 h than 1-10 h. N-bromination and bromination-promoted hydrolysis are dominant degradation mechanisms at 0-1 h (reflected by the breakage of hydrogen bond, the increased Ca binding content, and the increased charge density), and ring-bromination further occurs at 1-10 h (reflected by the disappearance or weakening of aromatic amide band and the nearly constant hydrogen bond).

Multistage Generation Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Chlorine Species in a Synergistic System of Anodic Oxidation Coupled with in Situ Free Chlorine and HO Production.

Electro-oxidation (EO) is an efficient approach to removing refractory organics in wastewater. However, the interference from chlorine ions (Cl) can generate reactive chlorine species (RCS), potentially leading to the production of undesirable chlorinated byproducts. A novel approach involving the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for in situ HO production has emerged as a promising strategy to counteract this issue.

Filtration performance of biofilm membrane bioreactor: Fouling control by threshold flux operation.

Membrane fouling is the major factor that restricts the furtherly widespread use of membrane bioreactor (MBR). As a new generation of MBR, biofilm membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) demonstrates high treatment efficiency and low sludge growth rate, however the filtration performance improvement and membrane fouling control are still the challenges for its further development. This work investigated the filtration performance using resistance in series model and membrane fouling control via threshold flux for BF-MBR.

Enhancing proton transport in polyvinylidenedifluoride membranes and reducing biofouling for improved hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells.

Hydrophilic porous membranes, exemplified by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, have demonstrated significant potential for replacing ion exchange membranes in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Membrane fouling remains a major challenge in MECs, impeding proton transport and consequently limiting hydrogen production. This study aims to investigate a synergistic antifouling strategy for PVDF membrane through the incorporation of a coating composed of polydopamine (PDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Removal of antibiotics and estrogens by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes.

The separation behavior of a variety of emerging contaminants, including nine antibiotics and six estrogens commonly reported in natural environment, by four commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membranes at various water conditions (pH, concentration) was investigated. The contaminant rejection at pH 6.0 followed a decreasing trend of XLE (94%-100%) ≈ NF90 (88%-100%) ＞ NF270 (25%-85%) ＞ DL (16%-75%).

Towards low energy-carbon footprint: Current versus potential P recovery paths in domestic wastewater treatment plants.

With the unprecedented exhaustion of natural phosphorus (P) resource and the high eutrophication potential of the associated-P discharge, P recovery from the domestic wastewater is a promising way and has been putting on agenda of wastewater industry. To address the concern of P resource recovery in an environmentally sustainable way is indispensable especially in the carbon neutrality-oriented wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, this review aims to offer a critical view and a holistic analysis of different P removal/recovery process in current WWTPs and more P reclaim options with the focus on the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission.

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and breakthrough case from 2014 to 2022 in Qingyang City.

We analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and breakthrough cases in Qing Yang City, Gansu Province, and provide a basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control policies. Varicella and breakthrough cases, public health emergency events in Qing Yang City during 2014-2022 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control information System, and the immunization history of the cases were collected from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Planning Information System, descriptive epidemiological analysis of the obtained information was then performed. A total of 6961 cases of varicella were reported in Qing Yang City from 2014 to 2022, yielding an annual incidence of 36.

Head and neck tumor segmentation convolutional neural network robust to missing PET/CT modalities using channel dropout.

. Radiation therapy for head and neck (H&N) cancer relies on accurate segmentation of the primary tumor. A robust, accurate, and automated gross tumor volume segmentation method is warranted for H&N cancer therapeutic management.

The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the aerobic biodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics in swine wastewater.

The aerobic biotreatment process for the dual goals of antibiotic removal and ammonia retainment for the field-return-based treatment of swine wastewater was optimized by adding 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (TCMP), commonly used as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist. The results show that the dosage of 5-10 mg/L TCMP daily effectively inhibited nitrification. The COD and tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in the absence of TCMP was removed by 91% and 76%, and became 87% and 78% with 5 mg/L TCMP and 83% and 70% with 10 mg/L TCMP, respectively.

Mechanistic insights into aggregation process of graphene oxide and bacterial cells in microbial reduction of ferrihydrite.

Microbial reduction of ferrihydrite is prevalent in natural environments and plays an important role in reductive dissolution of Fe(III) minerals. With consistent release of anthropogenic graphene oxide (GO) into water bodies, new changes in the Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms/ferrihydrite binary system demand attention. Herein, we focused on the interaction of GO and bacterial cells in view of colloidal stability and interfacial forces, and on the consequences for microbial ferrihydrite reduction.

End-to-end artificial intelligence platform for the management of large vessel occlusions: A preliminary study.

Objectives: In this study, we developed a deep learning pipeline that detects large vessel occlusion (LVO) and predicts functional outcome based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images to improve the management of the LVO patients.

Methods: A series identifier picked out 8650 LVO-protocoled studies from 2015 to 2019 at Rhode Island Hospital with an identified thin axial series that served as the data pool. Data were annotated into 2 classes: 1021 LVOs and 7629 normal.

Enhanced refractory organics removal by OH and O generated in an electro-oxidation system with cathodic Fenton-like reaction.

Recently, carbon nanotubes coated carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (CNTs-C/PTFE) gas diffusion electrode was used as an air-cathode in an electro-oxidation (EO) system for effectively generating hydrogen peroxide (HO) through a 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This ORR-EO system not only lowered applied voltage and conserved energy, but the synergistic peroxone (O/HO) reaction could increase hydroxyl radicals (OH) generation for organics elimination. However, a significant proportion of HO was left in the effluent of ORR-EO, which was a loss of resources and energy.

DNAH14 variants are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are complex and multifaceted diseases involving genetic and environmental sciences. Rapid developments in sequencing techniques have made it possible to identify new disease-causing genes. Our study aimed to identify novel genes associated with NDDs.

The role of probiotic intervention in regulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and depression-like behavior in lead-exposed rats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the depression-like behavior changes of rats exposed to lead with or without probiotic intervention, and to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels after lead exposure, and the possible functions of probiotics in this process.

Material And Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 300 mg/l lead acetate solution for 24 weeks, with or without probiotic (freeze-dried powder containing and : 6 billion live bacteria/2 g) intervention in weeks 17-24. The sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swim test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST) were preformed to study the depression- like behaviors of these rats.

Circular RNA Sequencing Reveals Serum Exosome Circular RNA Panel for High-Grade Astrocytoma Diagnosis.

Background: Although major advances have been made in the histopathological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA), methods for effective and noninvasive diagnosis remain largely unknown. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier and are readily accessible in human biofluids, making them promising biomarkers for HGA. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have potential as tumor biomarkers owing to their stability, conservation, and tissue specificity.

Novel Surrogates for Membrane Fouling and the Application of Support Vector Machine in Analyzing Fouling Mechanism.

It is difficult to recognize specific fouling mechanisms due to the complexity of practical feed water, thus the current studies usually employ foulant surrogates to carry out research, such as alginate and xanthan gum. However, the representativeness of these surrogates is questionable. In this work, the classical surrogates (i.

The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects.

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes.

The role of nitrification inhibitors on the removal of antibiotics in livestock wastewater by aerobic biodegradation.

An optimized aerobic-based treatment method that effectively removes antibiotics and retains ammonia is urgently needed for the field-return-based management of livestock wastewater. Allylthiourea (ATU, used for BOD determination), and 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (TCMP) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (commonly used as nitrogen fertilizer synergists) were separately added to sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), in order to investigate their effect on nitrification inhibition and pollutant removal for livestock wastewater treatment. The laboratory test shows that the daily addition of 43.

A Global Overview of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Detection, Treatment, and Prevention.

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted global attention due to its highly infectious and pathogenic properties. Most of current studies focus on aerosols released from infected individuals, but the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater also should be examined. In this review, we used bibliometrics to statistically evaluate the importance of water-related issues in the context of COVID-19.

Dual-Functional Graphene Oxide-Based Photothermal Materials with Aligned Channels and Oleophobicity for Efficient Solar Steam Generation.

Desalination by solar steam generation (SSG) has emerged as one of the most efficient approaches to address the issue of global water shortage. In this work, novel graphene oxide (GO)-based solar steam generators (GO-SSGs) with aligned channels were prepared by directional freezing and simple carbonization of a hydrogel composed of GO and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Benefitting from their excellent light absorption (light absorption efficiency exceeds 94%), better thermal insulation (thermal conductivity, 0.

Phosphate recovery from the P-enriched brine of AnMBR-RO-IE treating municipal wastewater via an innovated phosphorus recovery batch reactor with nano-sorbents.

Municipal wastewater is a very unique pool full of energy and useful substances. Though the innovative integrated anaerobic membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis-ion exchange (AnMBR-RO-IE) process can produce high-grade reclaimed water with high energy efficiency, phosphorus resources recovery in the WWTPs has been rarely reported thus far. This study evaluated the feasibility of a phosphorus recovery batch reactor (PRBR) as an approach for the phosphate production from the P-enriched brine from AnMBR-RO-IE.

Hydrophilic porous materials provide efficient gas-liquid separation to advance hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells.

Preventing methane evolution is a key issue to guarantee stable hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). In this study, low-cost hydrophilic porous materials, such as non-woven cloth (NWC) and polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF), were investigated as alternatives to proton exchange membrane (PEM) in MEC. The MEC with a NWC (NWC-MEC) improved the current density and hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 262.

Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Intestinal Flora on Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Lead Exposure in Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and intestinal flora on depression-like behavior induced by lead exposure in rats.

Methods: 30 healthy SPF adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and lead exposure group. The depression-like behavior of rats was detected.

Degradation of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes by Bromine: Changes of Physiochemical Properties and Filtration Performance.

The potential coexistence and interaction of bromine and polyamide membranes during membrane-based water treatment prompts us to investigate the effect of bromine on membrane performance. For fully aromatic polyamide membrane NF90 exposed under a mild bromination condition (10 mg/L), bromine incorporation resulted in more negatively charged (-13 vs -25 mV) and hydrophobic (55.2 vs 58.