sensu lato (, ) from Japan, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species.

Species of (, ) collected from Japan were studied on their taxonomy by morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses based on a nrDNA LSU and ITS dataset including the Japanese specimens and other publicly available ones show that is polyphyletic. Since the clade containing the type species was well-supported, we defined this clade as s.

Two new species of s.l. () from Japan with descriptions of their ectomycorrhizae.

We describe two new species of resupinate sensu lato () collected in Japan: and . Both species have urniform basidia with more than four sterigmata and monomitic hyphal system, oil-rich hyphae in subiculum, which is typical for this genus. is characterized by poroid hymenophore partly yellowish-green, basidia 4-6-spored, medium-sized basidiospores (4.

A global phylogenomic analysis of the shiitake genus .

is a broadly distributed group of fungi that contains the cultivated shiitake mushroom, . We sequenced 24 genomes representing eight described species and several unnamed lineages of from 15 countries on four continents. comprises four major clades that arose in the Oligocene, three in the Americas and one in Asia-Australasia.

Taxonomic revision of the Japanese and closely related species based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological data.

"" identified as and belonging to sect. is a common poisonous mushroom in Japan. contains the toxic compound ustalic acid and causes digestive trouble.

, a new species of the section () from Japan.

A novel species of section , namely, , is described and illustrated based on samples found in an oak woods dominated by , an evergreen oak, in Tottori Prefecture, western Japan. It is characterized by a conic-umbonate, dark-greenish olivaceous pileus with blackish innate fibrils; a whitish silky-fibrillose stipe, often faintly tinted pale yellow and with a narrowed subpointed base; subglobose to broadly elliptic spores; and fruiting in early winter. Phylogenetic analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene revealed that forms a well-supported clade sister to .

Suppression of Alternaria brassicicola infection by volatile compounds from spent mushroom substrates.

Most commercially circulating mushrooms are produced via cultivation using artificially produced mushroom substrates. However, after mushroom harvesting, the disposal of spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) is a serious problem for the mushroom industry owing to the need for a disposal site and the cost involved. Thus, in view of the possibility of recycling SMSs as a soil modifier, we examined the effect of soil mixed with SMSs on the infection of Arabidopsis leaves by Alternaria brassicicola, the causal agent of cabbage leaf spot.

Identification of antifungal compounds in the spent mushroom substrate of .

In view of the possibility that spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) may be used as agricultural materials to prevent crop diseases, we examined the effect of treatment with a hot water extract from the SMS of on plant resistance to pathogenic infection. The extract of SMS was sprayed onto the leaves of rice plants, followed by inoculation of the leaves with the conidia of rice blast fungus. The development of lesions was suppressed by treatment with the SMS extract.

Discovery or Extinction of New Scleroderma Species in Amazonia?

The Amazon Forest is a hotspot of biodiversity harboring an unknown number of undescribed taxa. Inventory studies are urgent, mainly in the areas most endangered by human activities such as extensive dam construction, where species could be in risk of extinction before being described and named. In 2015, intensive studies performed in a few locations in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest revealed three new species of the genus Scleroderma: S.