Inefficient nitrogen transport to the lower mantle by sediment subduction.

The fate of sedimentary nitrogen during subduction is essential for understanding the origin of nitrogen in the deep Earth. Here we study the behavior of nitrogen in slab sediments during the phengite to K-hollandite transition at 10-12 GPa and 800-1100 °C. Phengite stability is extended by 1-3 GPa in the nitrogen (NH)-bearing system.

Research progress of metal-organic framework nanozymes in bacterial sensing, detection, and treatment.

The high efficiency and specificity of enzymes make them play an important role in life activities, but the high cost, low stability and high sensitivity of natural enzymes severely restrict their application. In recent years, nanozymes have become convincing alternatives to natural enzymes, finding utility across diverse domains, including biosensing, antibacterial interventions, cancer treatment, and environmental preservation. Nanozymes are characterized by their remarkable attributes, encompassing high stability, cost-effectiveness and robust catalytic activity.

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction strengthens the intestinal barrier function and promotes lung barrier repair in preventing severe viral pneumonia induced by influenza A virus.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction (XCD) is a traditional prescription for treating multiple organ injuries, which has been used to manage pneumonia caused by various pathogens. However, the effects of XCD on repairing pulmonary/intestinal barrier damage remain unclear, and there is a need to understand the compatibility mechanism of rhubarb.

Aim Of The Study: This work aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of XCD on the pulmonary/intestinal barrier guided by the theory of "gut-lung concurrent treatment".

Trichosanates A-G and cucurbitacins W-Y, anticomplement monoterpenoids and cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii.

The pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii are often used to treat cough in traditional Chinese medicine, and its ethanol extract exhibited effective therapeutic effects on acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo caused by H1N1. An anticomplement activity-guided fractionation on the extract resulted in the isolation of ten new terpenoids, including seven monoterpenoids, trichosanates A-G (1-7), and three cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, cucurbitacins W-Y (8-10), as well as eleven known terpenoids (11-21). The new terpenoids' structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallographic analysis (1), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis and calculations (2-10).

Effect of Fe on the Hydrogen Production Properties of Al-Bi-Sn Composite Powders.

Fe additives may play an important role in the preparation of aluminum-based hydrolysis hydrogen powder, with high hydrogen yield, low cost, and good oxidation resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the effect of Fe on the hydrogen production performance of Al-Bi-Sn composite powders. According to the calculated vertical cross-section of the Al-10Bi-7Sn-(0~6)Fe (wt.

Neuroprotective effects of Shende'an tablet in the Parkinson's disease model.

Background: Shende'an tablet (SDA) is a newly capsuled Chinese herbal formula derived from the Chinese traditional medicine Zhengan Xifeng Decoction which is approved for the treatment of neurasthenia and insomnia in China. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SDA against Parkinson's disease (PD) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: In the present work, the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of SDA were evaluated in the cellular PD model.

Design and Fabrication of High Activity Retention Al-Based Composite Powders for Mild Hydrogen Generation.

Al-Bi-Sn-Cu composite powders for hydrogen generation were designed from the calculated phase diagram and prepared by the gas atomization process. The morphologies and structures of the composite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and the results indicate that the Cu additive enhanced the phase separation between the Al-rich phase and the (Bi, Sn)-rich phase. The hydrogen generation performances were investigated by reacting the materials with distilled water.

Improved Accuracy for Trace Element Analysis of Al and Ti in Quartz by Electron Probe Microanalysis.

The trace elements in quartz, Al and Ti, contain considerable information about mineral genesis, and determining their concentrations is of great importance in geology. Electron probe microanalysis has the advantages of non-destructive testing and high spatial resolution; however, it is a challenge to improve the accuracy and precision of trace element detection using this method. The important factors affecting accuracy include the fragility of quartz lattices at high beam currents and the methods used to determine the background.

A Mathematical Model for Determining Carbon Coating Thickness and Its Application in Electron Probe Microanalysis.

In electron probe microanalysis where materials are coated with a thin conductive carbon coat before analysis, the X-ray intensity detected from a specimen may be affected to various degrees by the thickness of the carbon coating. Differences in the carbon film thickness between specimens and standards may lead to errors in analytical results, particular for lower energy X-rays. In this study, we demonstrate that the location and the distance of the specimen relative to the carbon tip in the coating chamber can affect the thickness of the carbon film produced on the specimen surface during carbon coating.

Influence of microstructural features on thermal expansion coefficient in graphene/epoxy composites.

In this paper, theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on the effective medium approach using Green's function method. The influences of microstructural features were investigated, including volume fraction, aspect ratio, and the orientation of graphene fillers. Calculated results demonstrated strong anisotropy of CTE when all graphene sheets in the composite were aligned in the in-plane direction due to the large difference between the elastic moduli of the graphene and epoxy.

A jumping shape memory alloy under heat.

Shape memory alloys are typical temperature-sensitive metallic functional materials due to superelasticity and shape recovery characteristics. The conventional shape memory effect involves the formation and deformation of thermally induced martensite and its reverse transformation. The shape recovery process usually takes place over a temperature range, showing relatively low temperature-sensitivity.

A Novel Self-Assembling Al-based Composite Powder with High Hydrogen Generation Efficiency.

In this study, a novel self-assembling hydrogen generation powder comprised of 80Al-10Bi-10Sn wt.% was prepared using the gas atomization method and then collected in an air environment. The morphological and hydrolysis properties of the powders were investigated.

A Natural Product from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. Promotes Tat-Dependent HIV Latency Reversal through Triggering P-TEFb's Release from 7SK snRNP.

The latent reservoirs of HIV represent a major impediment to eradication of HIV/AIDS. To overcome this problem, agents that can activate latent HIV proviruses have been actively sought after, as they can potentially be used in combination with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to eliminate the latent reservoirs. Although several chemical compounds have been shown to activate latency, they are of limited use due to high toxicity and poor clinical outcomes.

Myrotheciumones: bicyclic cytotoxic lactones isolated from an endophytic fungus of Ajuga decumbens.

Two new bicyclic lactones, myrotheciumones A (1) and B (2) which possessed a rare ring-fusion system were isolated from Myrothecium roridum (M. roridum), an endophytic fungus of the medicinal herb plant Ajuga decumbens (A. decumbens) via an in vitro cytotoxicity assay.