Polydopamine-coated biomimetic bone scaffolds loaded with exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and bone regeneration.

Introduction: The repair of bone defects is ideally accomplished with bone tissue engineering. Recent studies have explored the possibility of functional modification of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. We prepared an SF-CS-nHA (SCN) biomimetic bone scaffold and functionally modified the scaffold material by adding a polydopamine (PDA) coating loaded with exosomes (Exos) of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Humic Acid Modified by Being Incorporated Into Phosphate Fertilizer Increases Its Potency in Stimulating Maize Growth and Nutrient Absorption.

Humic acid-enhanced phosphate fertilizer (HAP) is widely applied in Chinese agriculture due to its high efficiency. Although the structural composition and physicochemical properties of humic acid (HA) are significantly altered during HAP production, a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of HA extracted from HAP fertilizer (PHA) on plant growth is still lacking. In the current study, we extracted PHA from HAP and assessed its effects on the dry biomass, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) uptake, and P absorption rate of maize seedlings when supplied at different concentrations (2.

Humic acid complex formation with urea alters its structure and enhances biomass production in hydroponic maize.

Background: Humic acid (HA)-enhanced urea (HAU) is the top-selling efficiency-enhanced urea in China. Comprehensive investigation into the structure and efficacy of HA complex formation with urea (HACU) - the main reaction product during HAU's production - is required to clarify the reaction mechanism between HA and urea, and to provide guidance for the development of high-efficiency HAU.

Results: HACU showed discrepant structural and compositional features from raw HA.

Combining humic acid with phosphate fertilizer affects humic acid structure and its stimulating efficacy on the growth and nutrient uptake of maize seedlings.

This paper analyzed the compositional and structural changes of humic acid (HA) after combined with phosphate fertilizer (PHA), and investigated its effects on the growth of maize seedlings with four humic acid concentrations. The results showed that the atomic ratios of O/C and (O + N)/N of PHA were significantly lower than those of HA, which indicated that PHA had poor hydrophilicity compared with HA. The spectra of FTIR and NMR results suggested that the relative content of carboxyl group in PHA was higher than that in HA.

[Effects of Different Organic Materials on Bio-availability of Cd, Pb in a Contaminated Greenhouse Soil].

A two-season soil culture experiment was continually conducted to study the effects of three organic materials,namely Danty, Peat and Biochar,respectively,on combined forms and bio-availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under Cd and Pb in single and combined pollution during 2014-2015. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for remediating greenhouse soil contaminated with heavy metals Cd and Pb using organic materials. The main results were as follows: the content of DTPA-Cd decreased significantly by 11.

Characterization of pH-fractionated humic acids derived from Chinese weathered coal.

To reduce the compositional and structural heterogeneity of humic acids (HAs) and achieve better use of HA resources, in this study, we report a new sequential dissolution method for HAs derived from Chinese weathered coal. This method was used to separate HAs into seven fractions by adjusting the pH (3-10) of the extraction solution. The results showed that the HA fractions derived from Chinese weathered coal were concentrated up to 90.

Age-related impaired Th1 responses to PRV vaccine in vivo in aged pigs.

Murine model studies have shown that function of the immune system declines with aging, but data on aged pigs are scarce. Many physiological and pathophysiological data of pigs can be transferred to human, research in pigs is important to confirm murine data, therefore, aged pigs were chosen as an aged animal model. In this study, we demonstrated an age-related decline in Th1 responses in vivo to PRV vaccine in the pig model, and this decline in type 1 immune responses was associated with reduced PRV-specific T cell proliferation, IgG2/IgG1, and Th1 cytokines production.